Forum Disaster Management

at
Categories
Tags

 

 

you are asked to research a bioterrorist disaster. Begin by reviewing the content of this week’s module, then research for a bioterrorist disaster. Be sure you have chosen a biological agent, not a chemical agent (see the textbook for assistance).Give an example and details from a bioterrorist attack. (You can use any bioterrorist attack except for the 2001 Anthrax attacks in the US).Address all of the following in your post:What was the classification of biological agent used in the attack? (Categories A, B, and C; see the textbook for assistance)Discuss the implications or clinical manifestations of the biological agent chosen.Discuss the therapy for the biological agent.What are the decontamination procedures (for person exposed) for the biological agent used in the attack?Define the appropriate level of PPE required for this type of biological agent?

Sample Solution

The 1984 Rajneeshee Bioterror Attack in The Dalles, Oregon, serves as a chilling example of biological terrorism. While not a large-scale event, it demonstrates the potential devastation of such acts.

Biological Agent: Salmonella typhimurium (Category B)

Salmonella typhimurium is a bacterium commonly associated with foodborne illness. While not as lethal as some Category A agents, it can cause significant illness and strain healthcare systems.

Clinical Manifestations:

  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Fever
  • Headache

These symptoms typically begin within 12-72 hours of exposure and can last for several days. In severe cases, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and even death can occur, particularly in vulnerable populations like young children or the elderly.

Therapy:

Treatment for Salmonella infection typically focuses on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy with fluids and electrolytes is crucial. Antibiotics are not always necessary but may be prescribed in severe cases or for high-risk individuals.

Decontamination Procedures:

For exposed individuals, decontamination involves:

  • Removing contaminated clothing and placing it in a sealed bag for proper disposal.
  • Thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
  • If eyes or mucous membranes are exposed, flushing with clean water for 15 minutes is recommended.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

The appropriate level of PPE depends on the specific situation and the risk of exposure. In a large-scale Salmonella contamination, healthcare workers would likely require:

  • Disposable gloves: To prevent hand contamination during patient care.
  • Eye protection: Goggles or a face shield to protect eyes from splashes or aerosols.
  • Gown: A disposable gown to protect clothing from contamination.
  • Respirator: Depending on the concentration of the bacteria in the air, a respirator may be necessary to prevent inhalation.

Importance of Biosecurity:

The Rajneeshee attack, though limited in scope, highlights the importance of biosecurity measures to prevent the misuse of biological agents. These measures include:

  • Secure storage of dangerous pathogens
  • Stringent regulations for access and research
  • Public health surveillance and preparedness plans

By implementing these measures, we can reduce the risk of bioterrorism and protect public health.

 

This question has been answered.

Get Answer