Freud’s Theory Matrix
Instructions
The main function of a scientific theory is to help us to describe and explain how the world works. To form a scientific theory, scientists start with a set of assumptions, then use logic and deductive reasoning to come up with hypotheses that they can test. Psychologists can use scientific theories to attempt to explain human thought, emotion, and behavior. According to your textbook, Theories of Personality, there are six criteria of a useful scientific theory. A useful theory generates research, is falsifiable, organizes data, guides action, is internally consistent, and is parsimonious (simple).
Complete the matrix below with the following information:
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Define each of the six criteria of a useful scientific theory.
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Evaluate how well Freud’s psychoanalytic theory fulfills each criterion in approximately 90 words per
criterion. Explain your answers. You may use bullet points, but do not use one-word responses.
•
Provide the page number from the textbook where you found the information for each response.
Note: Include appropriate APA references and citations if you use any resources other than the textbook
to complete the matrix. Remember to include page numbers in your citations for any direct quotes. (Use
the Reference and Citation Generator in the Center for Writing Excellence for assistance with APA style.)
Matrix
Criteria, Definition, Evaluation of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Generates Research,
Falsifiable,
Organizes Data,
Guides Actions,
Internally Consistent,
Parsimonious (simple),
Sample Solution
Criterion | Definition | Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Generates Research | A useful scientific theory should generate research, encouraging others to further explore the topic. | Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has generated a great deal of research as it has been studied extensively by psychologists and other researchers seeking to understand human behavior and emotion. However, due to its controversial nature, some of the studies conducted have been skeptical in nature which has provided more evidence for certain aspects as well as led to an exploration of alternate theories.
Falsifiable|A useful scientific theory is falsifiable—meaning that it can be proven wrong if evidence disproves predictions derived from the hypothesis.|Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is indeed falsifiable but this isn’t without its shortcomings; much of his work is based on subjective interpretations and unverifiable anecdotes which makes it difficult at times to draw definitive conclusions about whether certain assertions are true or false.
Organizes Data| A useful scientific theory should organize data into meaningful patterns that allow for deeper understanding of the phenomenon being studied. | Freud’s psychoanalytic theory provides a comprehensive framework regarding how people think and behave allowing data collected through observations, experiments and surveys to be organized effectively so they can be better understood.
Guides Action| A useful scientific theory should provide insights into what actions could potentially produce desired outcomes giving rise to interventions aimed at improving an individual’s functioning in various aspects (e g , psychological health). | Freud’s psychoanalytic approach does offer guidance when making decisions about how best help someone struggling with mental health concerns . This includes therapies such as psychoanalysis , free association , dream interpretation etc ; however , its efficacy still subject debate since many people disagree with some his core assumptions .
Internally Consistent|A useful scientific theory should maintain internal consistency meaning all parts must remain logically valid within their own context even if they contradict each other externally or don’t agree with outside knowledge sources. | It could be argued that one limitation of Freud ’ s psychoanalytic approach is that while some components may appear consistent when taken individually they do not necessarily hold up when considered collectively or compared against alternative theories . For example , his notion that unconscious desires serve role in driving our behaviors often contradictory findings drawn from cognitive psychology models which suggest behavior motivated primarily by conscious thoughts .
Parsimonious (Simple)| A useful scientific theory should strive for parsimony — using only enough elements necessary explain phenomena without adding unnecessary complexity . | Although sometimes criticized overly complex explanations ( e g stages developmental process ) , overall Freud ’ s psychoanalytical approach relatively simple comparison most modern theories focusing primarily three basic concepts : id ego superego.
