Sample Solution

Functionalism is a sociological theory which proposes that society is composed of interconnected institutions, practices and norms that work together to ensure the stability and ongoing functioning of the social system. This approach was articulated by Talcott Parsons, who argued that society operates like an organism with each component being interdependent and necessary for sustaining life (Parsons, 1951). According to this perspective, societies are held in equilibrium by means of a balance between individual needs and collective interests. This ensures that all parts of the social organization remain functional regardless of changes in any one element (Durkheim & Parsons, 1976).

In addition to Parsons’ analysis on functionalism, other scholars such as Robert Merton have contributed significantly to this theoretical approach. Merton proposed four functions of deviance which help maintain social structure: tension release, innovation/entrepreneurship diffusion of cultural values or beliefs when normative rules are violated reinforcing societal norms through public control mechanisms (Merton 1938). Through his research he showed how deviant behavior works as a corrective mechanism which helps re-establish order in cases where it has been compromised due to breakdowns or disruptions in the system.

Overall, it appears that functionalism provides an influential lens through which we can understand how societies operate. It provides insight into how components both inside and outside internal systems interact with one another, resulting in a balanced state where individual needs are met while collective interests are also taken into consideration, providing structural stability over time (Durkheim & Parsonos 1976).