Fundamentals of Data Science

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Using a table, evaluate the different models for abstracting the complexities in data science and summarize their differences.

 

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|Model | Description| Advantages | Disadvantages
|—|—|—|— |
Linear Regression |A statistical technique used to determine the linear relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. |Can be used to predict outcomes; Easy to interpret; Can handle large datasets with many variables. | Linear relationships only; Prone to overfitting.
Logistic Regression |A type of regression analysis used for predicting the outcome of a categorical dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. |Works well for datasets with multiple features; Can provide probability scores in addition to predictions. |Sensitive to outliers; Prone to overfitting.
Decision Trees ; ; ; A predictive model that forms logical decision rules based on training data and can be represented graphically as a tree structure. ; Easily explainable decisions made by the model; High accuracy when dealing with non-linear data.; Less prone to overfitting than other models due to its hierarchical structure. Prone to bias if classes are imbalanced in the dataset.; Unstable when small changes are made in the dataset.; Not suitable for continuous values..
Random Forests ” ; ; An ensemble learning algorithm which combines multiple decision trees into one forest and makes predictions based on the average of all individual trees’ outputs.; Good at avoiding overfitting since extra trees reduce variance errors from individual decision trees.; Works well for both linear and non-linear data sets.. Slower than other algorithms such as logistic regression, so it takes longer time for training and prediction phases..

The main difference between these models is how they process data in order predict an outcome or make decisions. Linear regression looks at linear relationships between independent and dependent variables while logistic regression focuses on predicting categorical outcomes using two or more independent variables. Decision trees create logical rules based on samples in training data while random forests use an ensemble learning approach combining multiple decision trees into one (Girish et al., 2020). Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages however, overall random forests tend to offer greater accuracy compared to other methods (Jain et al., 2021).

Individuals who had an unfavorably susceptible response to this medicine ought to stay away from it since it can cause a day to day existence threating response.

Additionally, patients that are utilizing anticlotting medications, for example, warfarin shouldn’t utilize NSAID’s during a similar period as a result of the additional anticlotting impact, that could prompt excess.

7. Cross-refinement can happen with the NSAIDS. Term’s meaning could be a little more obvious.

– Cross-refinement happens when a patient is delicate to one substance that incite one more reasonable response to one more substance of comparative compound construction.

8. How does acetaminophen contrast from the NSAIDS?

– Acetaminophen or paracetamol doesn’t go about as an enemy of coagulation medication and it doesn’t disturb the stomach, hence being viewed as a more secure medication in NSAIDS class. Can be utilized in pregnancy or for youngsters. Lethal liver harm can happen with portions over 4000mg.

9. What is the instrument of activity of celecoxib (Celebrex)? What are the benefits and detriments of celecoxib over the more conventional NSAIDs?

– Celecoxib is a mitigating, antipyretic NSAID that hinders cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX – 2). Celecoxib gives a particular fringe torment and provocative help. This activity is more unambiguous contrasted with headache medicine and ibuprofen, which acts toward repressing COX-1 and COX-2 hindering the arrangement of prostaglandins liable for torment, irritation and platelet accumulation.

10. What is the component of activity of sumatriptan (Imitrex)? Other than the triptans, what different classes of medications can be utilized in the treatment of headache cerebral pains?

– Sumatripan acts by tightening intracranial vessels.

One more class of medications utilized for headache migraines are the ergot alkaloids (ergotamine).

Prophylactic medications utilized are antiseizure drugs, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers or antidepressants. These medications are utilized with alert because of their secondary effects.

11. Portray the system of activity of the narcotic analgesics.

– Narcotics apply their activity by association with specific neuronal cell layer receptors. Most designated are mu, kappa and delta receptors. The aggravation transmission toward the mind is diminished.

12. What are the CNS and fringe impacts of the narcotics? (See notes)

– The primary impact on CNS is to restrain synapse discharge. Impacts incorporate absense of pain, mind-set changes and an enactment of the prize place which can prompt chronic drug use.

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