Geospatial Information Systems

 

Geography 453 – Advanced GIS
Midterm – Spring 2021
Question #1 – (25 points)
Discuss the differences between spatial and attribute sub-setting [making a large
data set smaller]. What ArcGIS tools can perform an attribute subset? What
tools can you use to perform a spatial subset? What are the inputs and resulting
outputs of these processes? Give examples of applications that would require
attribute sub-setting. Give examples of applications that would require spatial
sub-setting.
Question #2 – (25 points)
Discuss the difference between spatial joins and map overlay. What spatial join
options and overlay tools are available in ArcGIS? Describe the functionality of
each, including characteristics of input layers, output layers (i.e. feature class
types, coordinate systems, attributes, etc.)

Sample Solution

Geospatial Information Systems

A geographical information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. GIS data is the key component of a GIS and has two general types: spatial and attribute data. Spatial data are used to provide the visual representation of a geographic space and is stored as raster and vector types. Hence, this data is a combination of location data and a value data to render a map, for example. Attribute data are descriptions, measurements, and/or classifications of geographic features in a map. Attribute data can be classified into four levels of measurements: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

Obamacare Saved My Life

A republican malignant growth survivor named Jeff Genes was totally contradicted to Obamacare in light of the fact that he was not able completely get it. At the age of forty-nine, he was given a month and a half to live with a reparable kind of malignancy. He had previous conditions which made him depend on Obamacare so as to buy his own protection. The horrendous experience of being placed in a circumstance among life and passing changed his point of view on Obamacare. He came to comprehend the significance and advantages from this demonstration once he had acknowledged he really required it. Jeff expressed that on the off chance that it were not for Obama and his Affordable Care Act, he would have been dead. There are numerous natives who can identify with Jeff Gene’s story in light of the fact that without this demonstration they would not have had the option to manage and beat their medical issues (Ryan, 2017).

Trumpcare

Trumpcare can be characterized as a social insurance change under Donald Trump. Trumpcare will likely annul and supplant parts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Trump and Republicans in Congress expressed that they would nullify Obamacare inside the initial hundred days that Trump is in office. The advancement being made inside the procedure of cancelation shows activity behind their announcement (Alexander, 2017). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act still stays as the law until the American Health Care Act is passed by the Senate and gets marked by current President Donald Trump. In spite of the fact that Obamacare has not been totally revoked under TrumpCare, there are some remarkable changes.

Points of interest and Disadvantages of Trumpcare

Trumpcare will have the option to lessen costs for the individuals who are not valued out of the market. This implies enormous bosses and the individuals who don’t depend on help could get less expensive plans. In spite of the fact that cash will be spared by cutting 800 and eighty billion from Medicaid and huge numbers of Obamacare’s duties, millions will lose their arrangements. On the off chance that and when a full nullification of Obamacare is passed, around twenty million or more individuals who are canvassed by Obamacare are in risk of losing their inclusion and cost help this year. Less Americans will approach medicinal services inclusion due to greater expense of health care coverage and never again having individual order. The destiny of the individuals who are secured by Obamacare will be resolved on the amount of Obamacare will be revoked and what will it be supplanted with. Under Trumpcare, youngsters between the ages of six and nineteen, in families who make between 100% to one-hundred and thirty-eight percent of destitution level, will have less access to wellbeing inclusion under Trumpcare than they as of now have under Obamacare (Wilts, 2017).

Likenesses among Obamacare and Trumpcare

There are a couple of likenesses among Obamacare and Trumpcare. The capacity of youthful grown-ups to stay underneath their parent’s arrangements until they arrive at the age of twenty-six will in any case stay as a result. Insurance agencies still would not be permitted to charge ladies more than men for a similar wellbeing plan. Another likeness between the two is that individuals with recently analyzed ailments can’t be denied protection inclusion. Under Obamacare, nobody with prior conditions can be denied inclusion or charged higher protection rates which additionally applies to Trumpcare. Nonetheless, there would be new necessities connected to this arrangement. In spite of the fact that previous conditions would be secured, state-based waivers can be utilized to avoid certain conditions from lifetime and yearly constrains. In this way, Trumpcare doesn’t totally wipe out the assurances on previous conditions however surely debilitates it (Alexander, 2017).

Contrasts among Obamacare and Trumpcare

There are a couple of contrasts among Obamacare and Trumpcare. Trumpcare needs to rescind the orders which means there is no expense for not getting inclusion despite the fact that the arrangement includes another charge of 30%. This applies to the individuals who need to reemerge the marker after not having inclusion for more than sixty-three days. This new charge implies bosses will never again need to give inclusion to full-time representatives (Zurcher, 2017).

Another distinction between the two is that rather than expense credits being offered dependent on pay like Obamacare, they will be founded on age under Trumpcare. Trumpcare will likewise defund Planned Parenthood which keeps them from tolerating Medicaid and restriction ladies from utilizing government duty credits to purchase an arrangement that spreads premature birth. Obamacare restricted back up plans to charge more seasoned Americans just multiple times the expense for more youthful Americans. Lamentably, under Trumpcare back up plans would be permitted to charge more established Americans five fold the amount of as more youthful Americans (Moscovitz, 2017). The sum would have the option to shift from state to state. This implies seniors who are not secured by Medicaid however are needing help could be considered in charge of paying higher protection arrangements.

Moreover, Obamacare proceeds to attest Medicaid extension permitted more low-salary families who earned short of what one hundred and thirty-eight percent of as far as possible to get secured. Obamacare made both bureaucratic and state commercial centers so as to make it simpler for natives to murmur up for government-sponsored plans. Be that as it may, Trumpcare needs to annul the extension financing of Medicaid (Wilts, 2017). Under Trumpcare, states can support their Medicaid programs in per-capita or square gives. Social insurance suppliers will likewise be in danger of losing numerous patients which could cause a human services supplier emergency.

End

Obamacare has improved the moderateness and nature of private and general medical coverage through new arrangements to ensure buyers, charges, necessities, sponsorships, and that’s only the tip of the iceberg. This incorporates protections never again having the option to deny patients for prior conditions or being permitted to drop their c

 

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