Graded and action potentials

 

 

Compare graded and action potentials.

Discuss the role of Na+ and K+ channels in generating an action potential.

Sample Solution

Graded and action potentials

Graded potentials are changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all-or-none. An action potential is defined as a sudden, fast, transitory, and propagating change of the resting membrane potential. There are important differences between graded potentials and action potentials of neurons. Depending on the stimulus, graded potentials can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. Action potentials, on the other hand, always lead to depolarization of membrane and reversal of the membrane potential. Graded potentials can be summed over time (temporal summation) and across space (spatial summation). Action potentials, on the other hand, summation is not possible due to the all-or-none nature, and the presence of refractory periods. Most of these differences are due to the fact that graded potentials result from the passive electrical property of the neuronal membrane, whereas action potentials result from an orchestrated response to depolarizing stimuli, and involve a coordinated activity of voltage-gated ion channels.

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