Happiness in the community.

 

 

A statistical organisation conducted a survey about general happiness in the community. A
random sample of people, taken from the population of all Australians, was selected to
participate in the survey. The survey ran from January to May and involved each
participant completing a questionnaire at the end of each month. For each month, based on
the answers to the questionnaire, a score between 0 and 100 was calculated for each
participant, with higher scores indicating greater happiness. The data are stored in the file
AssignmentData.RData in the data frame Q2.df. Each row corresponds to a participant, and
their happiness scores for the five months are given in the columns named by the month
(Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr and May). Also included in the data set is each participant’s home state
(State).
For parts (a) and (b), you will be analysing the happiness scores from May.
1. (a) [4 marks] Test whether the population variance of happiness scores is the same
for the ACT and NSW. Clearly state your hypotheses and use a significance level of α
= 5%. Do not use any R functions that are designed to perform hypothesis tests.
2. (b) [4 marks] Calculate the 99% confidence interval for the difference in mean
happi- ness score between the ACT and NSW. Give a clear interpretation of the
confidence interval. Do not use any R functions that are designed to calculate
confidence in- tervals or perform hypothesis tests.
3. (c) [4 marks] Considering only people who call QLD their home state, test whether
the mean happiness score for May is less than the mean happiness score for
February. Clearly state your hypotheses and use a significance level of α = 2.5%. Do
not use any R functions that are designed to perform hypothesis tests.
You will now conduct a one-way ANOVA on the happiness scores from May with home
state as the factor.
4. (d) [2 marks] Calculate the sum of squares for error for the one-way ANOVA. Do not
use any R functions that are designed to perform, analyse or interpret an ANOVA.
5. (e) [3 marks] Test whether the mean happiness score is the same for all home
states represented in the data. Clearly state your hypotheses and use a significance
level of α = 5%. Do not use any R functions that are designed to perform hypothesis
tests or to perform, analyse or interpret an ANOVA.
6. (f) [8 marks] Discuss whether the assumptions for a one-way ANOVA hold for this
data. You do not need to conduct any hypothesis tests, but make sure to provide
clear justifications for your answer.

 

 

Sample Solution

The Harry Potter arrangement, composed by J.K. Rowling, is maybe the most mainstream set of books of the cutting edge period. With seven books and numerous blockbuster movies to its name, the arrangement has amassed around 15 billion dollars in deals. How did this marvel become what it is? For those scratching their heads, the explanation can be separated into a few territories: Rowling gathered a liberal introductory agreement for her book, separate book covers were made for the two youngsters and grown-ups, 12 PM discharges/advancements/pre-orders made the open progressively devotee about the arrangement, and fan sites were widespread. Indeed, these are only a couple of the principle reasons why the Harry Potter removed the manner in which it did. The primary book in the arrangement, “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone,” was dismissed multiple times before it was gotten by Bloomsbury—a little distributer in England. At the time, Rowling was living on benefits as a single parent, so accepting this agreement was her initial step to progress. Be that as it may, getting a book contract doesn’t guarantee the achievement of a book. The story was loved by youngsters and grown-ups the same, and this had a lot to do with the fame of the underlying book and the arrangement all in all (Rappaport, Sarah). Considering this, her distributer made separate spreads for youthful perusers and grown-ups. As per BusinessInsider.com, “Grown-ups love perusing the Harry Potter books, however barely any need to be seen toting around a kid’s book. To make it simpler for grown-ups, Bloomsbury Publishing, the British distributing house that initially purchased the rights to Rowling’s books, distributed a second form of the books with “grown-up” (i.e., not so much vivid but rather more exhausting) book covers” (Aquino, Judith). This made it simpler for a full scope of ages to appreciate the arrangement. This isn’t a simple accomplishment for youthful grown-up fiction. Another factor that had exactly the intended effect was that when the Harry Potter arrangement turned into an undeniable achievement, the distributer, and Rowling herself through her very own site for the books, directed 12 PM discharges, unique advancements, and pre-requesting to draw in perusers significantly more. As indicated by BusinessInsider.com, “Beginning with the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, hordes of individuals wearing dark robes, ties and round-outline glasses started appearing at book shops for 12 PM discharge parties in 2000. Clients who dreaded their neighborhood book shop would come up short on duplicates reacted by pre-requesting more than 700,000 duplicates before the July 8, 2000 discharge date, as per Gunelius. The seventh and last book in the Harry Potter arrangement turned into the quickest selling book ever, reports The New York Times, with in excess of 11 million duplicates sold during the first 24 hours in quite a while alone” (Aquino, Judith). The being a fan around the books made progressively worthwhile open doors for the arrangement. Likewise, in light of fans, online journals were made that were devoted to the story, subtleties, plot, characters, and considerably more about the arrangement. To start with, Rowling didn’t have a lot in the method for promoting, and the fans did a great deal of work for her. As per HubSpot, “The fans dominated and made numerous viral crusades for her benefit discussing the energy they had over up and coming discharges. Harry Potter is frequently a slanting subject on Twitter, Facebook occasions and page are bottomless and a huge number of bloggers make posts for their sake. These advancements are progressively certifiable in light of the fact that they originate from the source, the fans, rather than the individual who makes a benefit” (Leist, Rachel). This natural promoting impelled the Harry Potter tale arrangement into being the best one ever. Presently that Rowling has sold a large number of duplicates of her Harry Potter books and has seen every one adjusted into films, stock, fan craftsmanship, and that’s only the tip of the iceberg, we can securely say that this arrangement is a worldwide marvel. Through an underlying agreement, publicizing for the two youngsters and grown-ups, unique discharges and gatherings, and natural promoting from fans by means of the web, Harry Potter and his universe took over as the best smash hit book ever. Works Cited Rappaport, Sarah. “15-Year Harry Potter Spell Brings Riches to Publisher.” CNBC, CNBC, 26 June 2012, www.cnbc.com/id/47958888. Aquino, Judith. “The Brilliant Methods That Made Harry Potter A $15 Billion Brand.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 13 July 2011, www.businessinsider.com/jk-rowling-business-techniques 2011-7#separate-book-covers-were-made to-get-more-grown-ups on-board notwithstanding youngsters 2. Leist, Rachel. “5 Marketing Lessons from Harry Potter.” HubSpot Blog, HubSpot, blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/offer/19702/5-promoting exercises from-harry-potter.aspx.

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