Health Care

Attributed to a swarm of factors including, but not limited to, social determinants of health and human rights ethical concerns, disparities in health and health care are a systemic and deeply challenging problem in the United States that need urgent attention. There is growing scientific evidence associating decrease in morbidity and mortality and improvement in healthcare outcomes to interventions targeting social, economic, and environmental factors, explaining why healthcare payers and policy-makers are increasingly aiming to tie these nonmedical interventions to new models of healthcare delivery (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2020).

Executive Summary
Your state representative, who sits on the Health Care and Public Health Innovation Standing Committee, has asked you to help develop an executive summary on minimizing negative impacts of the prevalent human rights ethical concerns and socioeconomic discrepancies on individual and public health outcomes in your state so it can be included on the policy agenda for consideration.
Write an executive summary that outlines the government’s impact on health reform in the U.S. healthcare delivery system. Additionally, your executive summary should highlight:
the necessity of human rights in health care improvement initiatives,
the role of the law in perpetuating and ameliorating health-harming social conditions at both individual and population levels, and an analysis of the ethical principles and human rights requirements in innovative interventions that must be addressed within health reform in order to create a more equitable healthcare system.

Sample Solution

egotiated down to what is deemed appropriate and feasible. Similar to the FDA, the European Commision approves drugs but what makes their system different is that they have a separate body called the National Institute for Health and Social Care Excellence (NICE) who is responsible for determining a drug’s cost effectiveness and clinical benefits(Nawrat).

Canada also utilizes a single-payer system for healthcare is therefore in control of the country’s drug prices (Amadeo). Canada established a Patented Medicine Prices Review Board that encourages pharmaceutical companies to suggest a price proposal for their manufactured drugs. This review board then compares the suggested price to various other countries with similar drugs. Approval is made depending on the cost of the drugs in other countries. Despite Canada’s single payer system, the country lacks universal drug coverage but due to their current system, the costs of prescription drugs in Canada remain cheaper than the cost in the United States (Morgan et al).

In addition, Spain is another country that continuously aims to lower drug prices by utilizing reference pricing. Reference pricing is a system in which similar of identical drugs are categorized into a class. This allows for the insurer to pay one price for any of the drugs included within the given class.  However, a pharmaceutical companies in Spain have the option of increasing drug costs thus requiring individuals to pay the difference between insurer costs and pharmaceutical company demands. Despite this, Spain has found that reference pricing often forces pharmaceutical companies to lower prices in order to maintain consumer business. Reference pricing has greatly assisted with cost-effectiveness by selling normally high-priced drugs at a reduced price (Frakt).

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