Health care professional who can potentially influence changes in the costs and economics

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
• There has been a focus on cost containment and cost reduction in health care for decades. What are some of the most prevalent cost reduction strategies in health care organizations?
• Health care costs have continued to rise in the United States to a level greater than any other country on a per capita basis. Why have cost containment efforts been ineffective in keeping total costs of health care down?

P2-A
As a health care professional who can potentially influence changes in the costs and economics of the future in health care, it is crucial to consider strategies that can optimize the cost-benefit ratio for patients, as well as for health systems.

Read “A Dozen Facts About the Economics of the US Health-Care System” https://www.brookings.edu/research/a-dozen-facts-about-the-economics-of-the-u-s-health-care-system/
from the Brookings Institute on the economics of the U.S. health care system, and discuss the following with your group:
• Analyze the causes of the high cost of health care in the United States.
• Propose a strategy you think can help lower the cost of health care.
P2-B
Individually, write a 350-word summary of your group discussion. Include the following in your individual summary:
• Explain the idea you proposed.
• Recap any feedback you received from the group.
• Based on the feedback, describe any changes you would make to your idea.

Cite references to support your assignment and format your citations according to APA guidelines.

P3
Respond to both question with 50 words minimum. Responses are based off P1. Add reference to both responses.
R1
There has been a focus on cost containment and cost reduction in health care for decades. What are some of the most prevalent cost reduction strategies in health care organizations?
Standardize and bundle contracts as part of the health system’s cost reduction strategy, outsourcing specialties that are located in the hospital such as pharmacies, the food service and etc. to open up hospital funds for re-investment in technology, clinicians, and other important functions. Re-structuring the healthcare staff, by initiating training, cutting back on overtime and etc. These are looked at as cost-cutting strategies.
Health care costs have continued to rise in the United States to a level greater than any other country on a per capita basis. Why have cost containment efforts been ineffective in keeping total costs of health care down?
Companies that fall short of a subtle knowledge of the components driving expenditure gains are unlikely to adequately mark ranges with high-yield impact, or carry out solutions that purposely affect healthcare costs.
Some health care systems choose not to invest into the proper technology for accounting software. Nor do they properly bulid the right team to make sure the system is implemented correctly.
References: Cost Reduction Strategies for Health Systems (compassonehealthcare.com)
When Healthcare Cost Containment Fails (fshealth.com)

R2
Properly utilizing funds, decreasing drug prices, and providing price transparency coupled with the triple aim goals of cost, patient care experience, and community health would be a strategy that can help resolve many of the uprising issues of the current healthcare system. Competition remains something to strive for since price transparency can increase competition levels for a better cost utilization. Drug prices must be capped so competition can resume in this closely linked market.

There are a multitude of factors increasing the cost of healthcare including an aging population and a rise of chronic illnesses. Containment efforts cannot control the rate of aging but new services may be created in haste and not made efficient. Medicaid and Medicare are prohibited from negotiating directly with the drug company (Gutierrez, Waldrop, 2018). Not only does this introduce a middle-hand, demands that directly relate to health and efficacy vs price of the drug can get muddied. The government regulations do need to be adjusted to test some containment methods and their efficacy. Price can be determined on the value and this would increase the amount of innovation. Drug companies would be motivated to find the cheapest way to produce and effective drug to help the patient or provide a cure while maintaining rigorous safety standards.

Gutierrez, G., & Waldrop, T. (2018, July 9). Prescription drugs can be affordable and innovative. Center for American Progress. Retrieved August 9, 2022, from https://www.americanprogress.org/article/prescription-drugs-can-affordable-innovative/

Sample Solution

Compared to other countries, the United States spends a lot more money on healthcare, but our healthcare outcomes aren’t any better. Furthermore, rising healthcare expenses make it more difficult to respond to public health emergencies like the COVID-19 epidemic. These costs are also a major contributor to America’s unsustainable national debt. The United States’ rapidly rising healthcare expenses are examined here, along with what is behind it and why it matters for both public health and our financial future. The expense of healthcare in the US is among the highest in the world. Spending on healthcare in the United States in 2020 was $4.1 trillion, or more than $12,500 per person.

g Vittola’s normative claim on authority is outdated. This is further supported by Frowe’s claim that the leader needs to represent the people’s interests, under legitimate authority, which links on to the fourth condition: Public declaration of war. Agreed with many, there must be an official announcement on a declaration of war (Frowe (2011), Page 59-60&63).
Finally, the most controversial condition is that wars should have a reasonable chance of success. As Vittola reiterated, the aim of war is to establish peace and security; securing the public good. If this can’t be achieved, Frowe argues it would be better to surrender to the enemy. This can be justified because the costs of war would have been bigger (Frowe (2011), Page 56-7).
Consequently, jus ad bellum comprises several conditions but most importantly: just cause and proportionality. This gives people a guide whether it’s lawful to enter a war or not. However, this is only one part of the theory of the just war. Nevertheless, it can be seen above that jus ad bellum can be debated throughout, showing that there is no definitive theory of a just war, as it is normatively theorised.

Jus in bello

The second section begins deciphering jus in bello or what actions can we classify as permissible in just wars (Begby et al (2006b), Page 323).
First, it is never just to intentionally kill innocent people in wars, supported by Vittola’s first proposition. This is widely accepted as ‘all people have a right not to be killed’ and if a soldier does, they have violated that right and lost their right. This is further supported by “non-combatant immunity” (Frowe (2011), Page 151), which leads to the question of combatant qualification mentioned later in the essay. This is corroborated by the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, ending the Second World War, where millions were intently killed, just to secure the aim of war. However, sometimes civilians are accidentally killed through wars to achieve their goal of peace and security. This is supported by Vittola, who implies proportionality again to justify action: ‘care must be taken where evil doesn’t outweigh the possible benefits (Begby et al (2006b), Page 325).’ This is further supported by Frowe who explains it is lawful to unintentionally kill, whenever the combatant has full knowledge of his actions and seeks to complete his aim, but it would come at a cost. Howev

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