Health Promotion: Prevention of Disease

 

 

 

CASE STUDY: Albert
Albert Mitchell is a 36-year-old man who will be traveling to Dubai to give a business
presentation in 3 months. Although he has traveled widely in the United States as a consultant,
this is his first trip to the Middle East.
He requests information regarding immunizations needed before his trip. Albert states that as
he will be in Dubai for only a few days, he is unlikely to contract a disease in such a short time
and therefore believes that it is illogical to obtain immunizations.
Albert states that he has heard that the side effects of the immunizations might be worse than
the diseases they prevent. He is also concerned about leaving his wife at home alone because
she is 6 months pregnant.
Reflective Questions
How would you address Albert’s beliefs?
What learning would be needed in each domain?
What learning theories would you consider?
How might his family concerns be addressed?

Sample Solution

How to address Albert’s beliefs:

  • Empathize with Albert’s concerns. It is understandable that he is hesitant to get vaccinated, especially since he will be traveling to a new country and his wife is pregnant.
  • Educate Albert about the risks of not getting vaccinated. While it is true that he is unlikely to contract a disease during his short trip to Dubai, there is still a risk. Some diseases, such as measles, can spread quickly and easily, even among people who have been vaccinated.
  • Explain the benefits of vaccination. Vaccines are safe and effective at preventing serious diseases. The side effects of vaccines are usually mild and go away on their own.
  • Address Albert’s specific concerns. If Albert is concerned about the side effects of a particular vaccine, you can provide him with more information about the risks and benefits of that vaccine. You can also tell him about ways to reduce the risk of side effects, such as taking over-the-counter pain relievers.
  • Encourage Albert to talk to his doctor. His doctor can give him personalized advice about which vaccines he needs and can answer any questions he has.

Learning needed in each domain:

  • Cognitive domain: Albert needs to learn about the risks of not getting vaccinated, the benefits of vaccination, and the side effects of vaccines. He also needs to learn how to assess the risks and benefits of vaccination for himself.
  • Affective domain: Albert needs to develop a positive attitude towards vaccination. He needs to understand that vaccination is a way to protect himself and his loved ones from serious diseases.
  • Psychomotor domain: Albert needs to learn how to get vaccinated. He needs to know where to go to get vaccinated and how to follow his doctor’s instructions after getting vaccinated.

Learning theories to consider:

  • Social cognitive theory: This theory suggests that people learn by observing and imitating others. Albert may be more likely to get vaccinated if he knows that his friends and family members are vaccinated and that they think vaccination is important.
  • Self-efficacy theory: This theory suggests that people are more likely to engage in a behavior if they believe that they are capable of doing it. Albert may be more likely to get vaccinated if he believes that he can easily find a place to get vaccinated and that he can follow his doctor’s instructions after getting vaccinated.
  • Transtheoretical model of behavior change: This model suggests that people go through different stages of change before they actually make a change in their behavior. Albert may be in the precontemplation stage, which means that he is not even thinking about getting vaccinated. You can help Albert move to the contemplation stage by providing him with information about vaccination and by discussing the risks and benefits of vaccination with him.

How to address Albert’s family concerns:

  • Reassure Albert that vaccination is safe for his pregnant wife. There is no evidence that vaccination is harmful to pregnant women or their unborn babies. In fact, vaccination can help to protect pregnant women and their babies from serious diseases.
  • Encourage Albert to talk to his wife about vaccination. His wife may be less hesitant to get vaccinated if she understands the risks and benefits of vaccination for herself and their baby.
  • Help Albert to find ways to support his wife while he is away. For example, Albert could arrange for a friend or family member to stay with his wife while he is gone. He could also cook meals and freeze them so that his wife has easy access to food while he is away.

It is important to be patient and understanding when talking to Albert about vaccination. It may take some time for him to change his mind. The most important thing is to provide him with accurate information and to support him in making the best decision for himself and his family.

 

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