Sample Solution
Nursing interventions for healthcare-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) have demonstrated successful outcomes in decreasing the incidence of such ulcers and patient falls in hospital settings. Research has shown that with proper implementation, nursing interventions can lead to a significant decrease in HAPU incidence (Gillespie et al., 2019). Additionally, nurses’ timely identification of risk factors can help reduce the number of patients who experience pressure ulcers or fall while hospitalized (Chang et al., 2017).
Specifically, research has found that early intervention with positioning and repositioning is an effective way to prevent HAPUs from developing in at-risk patients by reducing the amount of time they spend on their backs (Brandner et al., 2018). Additionally, implementation of therapeutic mattresses decreases both overall costs and patient discomfort resulting from prolonged bedrest due to HAPU prevention efforts (Kumar & Razack, 2019). Appropriate nutritional support is also an essential part of preventing these types of ulcers since malnutrition contributes to skin breakdown when combined with inadequate blood flow or shear forces over bony prominences (Sehgal & Tiwari, 2016).
Finally, another important factor that contributes to decreased incidences of HAPUs is patient education. When nurses provide adequate information about how best to protect their own skin from developing these sores and ensure appropriate hygiene practices are observed such as changing positions frequently while lying down can help reduce pressure points (Oostendorp et al., 2020). In summary, nursing interventions demonstrate potential for reducing both HAPU incidences and falls among hospitalized patients.
passes on, septic emboli, and, the most well-known, embolus of a blood clot starting in the venous flow or the heart (Lange). Blockage might introduce in different ways relying upon the degree of blood vessel blockage. Little emboli can cause alveoli drain, called aspiratory localized necrosis, which causes hemoptysis, pleuritic chest torment, and pleural radiations which are typically gentle (uptodate and 3). On the off chance that 30-half of the all out cross sectional region of the aspiratory blood vessel bed is hindered, the pneumonic supply route pressure increments which builds the right ventricular afterload. This issue is additionally potentiated with the arrival of thromboxane A2 and serotonin which causes vasoconstriction making the blockage greater. The expansion in strain in the right ventricle causes pressure which expands the heart which diminishes its contractile strength through the Forthcoming Starling law of the heart. This stretch likewise expands the time that it takes for the right ventricular to contract which makes the intraventricular septum shift into the left ventricle. This joined with the way that the right ventricle isn’t working as expected prompts a diminishing in the left ventricular preload which diminishes the fundamental perfusion which is a main explanation you might see a decline in the circulatory strain in patients with PE who are hemodynamically unsound (3).
The improvement of a pneumonic embolism (PE) is generally normal, seen in somewhere in the range of 20.8 to 65.8 cases per 100,000 (21), and it is because of a communication between a wide assortment of patient-related factors and situational factors that meet up and put somebody at expanded chance of creating PE. PE is firmly connected with profound vein apoplexy as they are two indications of a similar sickness. The gamble factors include deserts in the venous dissemination. Virchow’s group of three depicts the mix of factors that add to blood clot arrangement: venous balance, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall. Any time one of these variables is compromised an individual is at expanded chance of fostering a PE. Hyperviscosity, from polycythemia, expanded focal venous tension, from pregnancy, and fixed status, from medical procedure or weight, are everything cause venous balance which endangers an individual for blood clot development (lange). Hypercoagulability can be brought about by drugs (oral contraceptives and erythropoiesis animating specialists), harm (especially hematological malignancies, pancreatic disease, gastrointestinal malignant growth, cellular breakdown in the lungs, and mind disease), anticoagulation protein lack, like lacks in protein C and S, and hereditary problems, like element V Leiden (present in ~3% of American men and 20-40% of patients with idiopathic venous apoplexy) (Lange and 3). Ultimately, vessels might be harmed because of injury, lower appendage crack, medical procedure, or earlier apoplexy (Lange). Another sickness cycle that causes balance of blood is a patient who is in atrial fibrillation. As a result of the changed electrical framework in the heart, the muscle constriction is clumsy and inadequate causing blood stream to be modified over the long haul causing thrombogenesis and, in the event that it breaks free, a pneumonic embolism or stroke (7). Different elements that by implication add to the advancement of PE incorporate cardiovascular sickness, cigarette smoking, weight, hypercholesterinemia, and diabetes mellitus.
HM has many significant gamble factors for creating pneumonic embolisms. Initial, a
