Substance abuse refers to the abuse of alcohol and other drugs, primarily illicit drugs, but what is considered “illicit” is often culturally determined and can vary between social groups. Sociocultural beliefs can shape the approach to and behavior regarding substance use and abuse. Culture plays a central role in forming the expectations of individuals about potential problems they may face with drug use. For many social groups, this may provide a protective factor. Treatment setting, coping styles, social supports, stigma attached to substance use disorders, even whether an individual seeks help – all are influenced by a client`s culture.
vernment promoting academisation and increased autonomy from Local Authority (LA) schools are having to make the decisions on how to use their funds. Current government is keen to see improved performance in the country’s schools, according to Schools White Paper 2016 “We want to put more power into the hands of the best school and system leaders, and to extend their reach. A more autonomous school system is even more dependent on outstanding educational leaders “ (Gov.UK, 2016:13) clearly the governments aim is to create a school system that is self improving, embedding better training systems to develop more high quality leaders also making schools more autonomous.
An SBM works with Headteachers ensuring schools manage resources effectively and efficiently to achieve better outcomes for pupils, allowing Headteachers to focus on leading, teaching and learning. My school doesn’t have an SBM, if we did the school would be better prepared for any changes, taking pressure off the Heads by not only making significant savings, but also identifying new sources of funding ensuring successful results of school improvement plans. This will also allow for better preparedness and manage risks by planning ahead.
3.2 Key drivers behind the development of the profession to date & challenges for the future:
SBM role has expanded significantly over recent years; there is an increase in the professional development offered to SBM’s.
A greater emphasis on schools to develop their own capacity as level of support offered by LA’s on core business functions has reduced. Demand for SBM’s is greater due to increased pressure on Headteachers, many coming solely from an educational background some maybe struggling with additional tasks of managing resources effectively, which might have a negative impact on deputies and middle leaders applying for headship.
According to NCTL report (Gov.UK: 12) “Secretary of State for Education pledged to qualify 1000 SBMs by 2006” helps by enabling Headteachers to focus on teaching and learning rather then administration duties. SBM programs were developed and implemented with successful results. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of understanding about the role and more needs to be done to increase the perception, my associate head for example doesn’t fully understand the role of an SBM, but is fully supportive of my development with this course another barrier is lack of funding for the role especially in Primary schools. However based on Geoff Southworth’s SBM A quiet revolution “Most secondary schools enjoy 90% access to a School Business Manager” (Southworth, 2010:6) there’s scope to increase the number of SBMs, if schools can tackle barriers such as affordability, LA resistant’s and lack of understanding for the role. NASBM and other associations are leading the way to increasing the profile of the role through the development of training programs such as DSBM, ADSBM and SBD the benefits of SBMs became more evident by financial savings and increased income, but much promotion is needed so schools reap the benefits of appointing an SBM, collaborations between schools and local communities by sharing expertise cou
