How to architect a system that will perform a data relay function.

 

 

 

Background:

You are tasked by your sponsor to perform an Analysis of Alternatives study that will help the program decide how to architect a system that will perform a data relay function. The data initially comes from a spacecraft in GEO with a continuous downlink data rate of 1 Gbps that is received at a remote satellite tracking station located in India. The AoA is specifically concerned with how to relay the data from that remote Indian tracking station to a Mission Operations Center (MOC) located at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

Objectives and Requirements for your data relay function include:
1. Objective is to keep data secure
2. Objective is to minimize complexity and risk
3. Objective is to minimize cost, including development and operational costs
4. System shall be scalable, potentially supporting up to five 1 Gbps data streams
5. System shall relay data with a Bit-Error-Rate (BER) ≤10-6
6. System shall have data latency from the Indian tracking station to GSFC < 2 seconds (Threshold); < 0.1 seconds (Objective)

Problem #1
70 points

Perform steps 1-11 of the formal trade study process described in Course Module 4. For step 2, develop at least 3 alternatives for implementing this data relay function. Describe each alternative using an OV-1 and with a written narrative that describes the concept and salient features (no more than ½ page each).

Tips:

1. To help you identify alternatives to consider, think about the different methods used for moving data around the world:
– How are most internet data moved around the world?
– How do researchers at the South Pole communicate with their families?
– How does data get to and from the ISS?
– How does SpaceX’s Starlink plan to move internet data from pt. A to pt. B?
– How do US service men and women pay their bills when they are at sea?
2. What SMEs would you consult?
3. Ensure your alternative concepts are “orthogonal” (i.e., different from one another) to the extent possible – this will help provide some “separation” in your scoring

 

Grading considerations: Be sure to review the Module 4 lecture material; adequate information can be found there. The readings are also very helpful. The 70 points are allocated as follows:
Step 1: 5 points
Step 2: 5 points
Step 3: 5 points
Step 4: 10 points
Step 5: 10 points
Step 6: 5 points
Step 7: 5 points
Step 8: 5 points
Step 9: 10 points
Step 10: 5 points
Step 11: 5 points

Problem #2
30 points

You’ve also been hired to develop the Indian tracking station as described above. Perform an informal trade study that will help you select a satellite receiver to be used at this remote tracking station. In addition to the need to support the requirements as outlined in Problem #1, important considerations include receiver flexibility and adaptability (for potential future changes in waveforms of the signals being transmitted by the GEO spacecraft), and level of integration of all the receiver functions (i.e., 1 physical unit preferred vs. multiple units connected together). Scalability can be supported by adding additional receivers if necessary. Follow the method and approach described in Lecture 4C that is found in Module 4 on Blackboard. Be sure to explain your selection as part of Step 6.

Tips:

Wrt to the Problem #2…
1. Look at The New SMAD book.
2. If you are looking for alternatives, just google:
a) “satellite telemetry receiver”
b) “space downlink receiver”
c) “highest data rate satellite receiver’

 

 

 

Sample Solution

 

The general structure field range is continually expanding and moving towards important issues. Planners are confronting significantly more difficulties because of the rising obligations of discovering answers for themes, for example, supportability or social advancements (Banerjee, 2008, p.2). To comprehend the human mind and the intuitive discernment particularly, is a key component to discover significant arrangements all through the structure procedure. Inside the extent of these mental viewpoints, feeling is the thing that makes configuration so intriguing and applicable as it impacts the basic leadership process (Norman, 2004, p.12f.). Seeing if configuration impacts or even controls feelings is the principle focal point of this thesis. The inspiration driving this unhitched male theory is to discover an example or a rule that can be applied for general plan arrangements. The eventual fate of creators contains a more extensive range and information of the person as opposed to simply the tasteful satisfying. In a world brimming with computerized reasoning and online instruments that may supplant originators, feeling is the primary concern that can’t supplant planners (Norman, 2004, p.162). Numerous choices are made by us subliminally and are impacted by our various faculties. In this way, choices can be affected by sounds, tastes, hues, shapes or scents without dynamic support all the while (Sagmeister and Walsh, 2018, p.6f.). Just as choices, feelings assume a major job in the subliminal zone of the human mind (Mlodinow, 2012, p.15). Fashioners, just as researchers of the intellectual and neuropsychological fields have without a doubt expressed that structure components impact or summon explicit feelings. The principle objective of this exposition is to locate a conceivable determination to the inquiry whether it is conceivable to make an example that shows general structure decides that impact feelings of the person.

2.0 GENERAL STRUCTURE

The general structure of this proposition is isolated into three fragments. The principal section is an examination of three unique fashioners who all offer a similar center thought of configuration being associated with feelings. While Denman Waldo Ross characterized general guidelines about the connection between a structure and agreement, parity and musicality, Don Norman adopted the strategy from a progressively logical side. He clarified the impact configuration has on feelings through intellectual science. Stefan Sagmeister and Jessica Walsh imparted their insights and research learns about the field of plan and excellence in which they expressed the significance of magnificence regarding usefulness. The huge counter-development to enthusiastic structure was the Bauhaus, which is quickly clarified and reflected in this proposal too. The center thought behind the Bauhaus was the association from creators to the craftsmanship and to make structure just dependent on usefulness. The subsequent fragment is a more profound comprehension of why configuration would impact or bring out explicit feelings. Numerous investigations about the impact of typography, shapes and hues are being dissected and abridged. Ultimately, a reflection, end and conceivable determination of this proposition will be made to locate a potential response to the speculation whether it is conceivable to inspire explicit feelings through explicit plan and on the off chance that it is conceivable to make a general example for future structures.

2.1 DEFINITIONS OF EMOTION

“Feeling is an arrangement of development that remained in the heart

without the consent of the will, and that all of a sudden changes

the shade of the considerations.” – Alain

To discover one meaning of feeling has been a battle that Kleinginna and Kleinginna attempted to tackle through gathering a hundred of various meanings of feeling and attempting to make a consensual and logical definition which finished up to: “Feeling is a mind boggling set of cooperations among abstract and target factors, interceded by neural-hormonal frameworks, which can (an) offer ascent to full of feeling encounters, for example, sentiments of excitement, delight/dismay; (b) create intellectual procedures, for example, genuinely significant perceptual impacts, evaluations, marking forms; (c) initiate far reaching physiological changes in accordance with the stimulating conditions; and (d) lead to conduct that is regularly, yet not constantly, expressive, objective coordinated, and versatile” (Kleinginna, Kleinginna 1981, p.355). The psychological researcher Donald A. Norman shows his meaning of feeling all the more clearly in his book Emotional Design. He discusses the significance and worth that feelings bring to our regular day to day existence. He further clarifies that despite the fact that the capacity and ease of use of an item is significant, the feeling and joy of utilizing it ought not be stifled (Norman, 2004, p.8). Both of these definitions lean towards the logical side and attempt to envision the procedure of feelings just as feelings being impacted intuitively. They likewise share a similar comprehension of the significance of feelings. The two definitions clarify that through feelings and feeling, the person can name or choose whether a procedure, item or circumstance is certain or pessimistic, protected or hazardous.

2.2 EMOTIONS IN DESIGN

2.2.1 Pure Design

Denman Waldo Ross was a structure scholar who needed to show that there were standards and decides that craftsmen pursued to make craftsmanship. In his eyes, workmanship was a declaration of feelings or sentiments, however it was additionally not a matter of taste whether somebody would value certain craftsmanship or not, nor was it made without clarifications or an explanation (Ross, 1907, Preface). The essential standards or modes that workmanship pursues are amicability, which is the most complete and significant, trailed by parity and mood that lay right inside concordance. His comprehension of excellence is additionally being an encounter activated by these standards, which make a result of delight and satisfaction (Ross, 1907, p.2f). Making workmanship or configuration dependent on these standards is the thing that Ross called Pure Design. He characterized it as a “request to the eye similarly as total music advances to the ear. The reason in Pure Design is to accomplish Order in lines and spots of paint, if conceivable, the flawlessness of Order, a preeminent example of it, the Beautiful: this with no other, no further, no higher thought process; only for the fulfillment, the joy, its pleasure. In the act of Pure Design we go for Order and trust in Beauty” (Ross, 1907, p.5). In his hypothesis he characterized rules for his comprehension of agreement, equalization and musicality in structure.

To accomplish Harmony inside structures, there are different focuses to consider. The first being the request for concordance. To produce a consonant state, headings, edges and difference ought to be equivalent when making rehashing interims (Ross, 1907, p. 12). Another part of congruity is the utilization of tones. Focusing on comparative shading esteems, for example, tone, immersion or brilliance will shape a concordance inside comparable shading ranges (Ross, 1907, p.158).

The combination of request to adjust can be created through “equivalent separations in inverse headings” (Ross, 1907, p. 17). To adjust tones, the key is having a similar measure of difference and separation in shades and immersions from the key tone of the sythesis to create an equivalent spotlight on the general result (Ross, 1907, p.172).

Through characterized lopsided and inconsistent separations of articles in plan or workmanship, a sentiment of development can be accomplished that makes the request for beat (Ross, 1907, p. 25). Consolidating various subtleties of shades, immersions or splendor forces makes a mood inside tones. Through that beat it is conceivable to control the eye to specific headings as it moves with the tone increasing more prominent differentiation (Ross, 1907, p.182).

Ross’ hypothesis of unadulterated structure imparts similitudes to Don Norman’s and Stefan Sagmeister’s comprehension of magnificence or feeling in plan. The center thought of configuration having the option to inspire euphoria, excellence or feelings by and large when applied effectively is the thing that all architects closed from alternate points of view.

2.2.2 Emotional Design

The subjective researcher Donald A. Norman put a ton of his time into examining human-focused items, usefulness and convenience. He later centered an entire book around the passionate side of plan. The field of subjective science found the significance that feelings really have. They don’t simply impact emotions, practices or considerations. Feelings additionally influence the basic leadership process as it makes a decision about circumstances intuitively to transmitter potential threat or solace (Norman, 2004, p.10).

There are three terms that should be characterized to completely comprehend the association among feeling and plan: Emotion in blend to influence and cognizance. The essential piece of the human mind is the intuitive which guarantees endurance by detecting and reacting to discernment, recollections, information and judgment. Each second, the human mind enrolls around 11 million bits of data, where just an expected measure of sixteen to fifty bits for each seconds get enlisted intentionally (Mlodinow, 2012, p.17ff, p.33). The full of feeling framework lays inside that piece of the mind. In view of editing and making a decision about circumstances the emotional framework characterizes whether it is protected or risky. The result of these judgments are encounters of feelings which can’t be controlled however one can be intentionally mindful of it through the subjective framework that deciphers the circumstances intelligently (Norman, 2004, p.11). Another approach to clarify perception is “The psychological activity or procedure of getting information and comprehension through idea, experience, and the faculties” (“insight | Definition of cognizance in English by Oxford Dictionaries”, n.d.).

To interface the full of feeling framework and feelings to structure and in what direction they impact or direct each other has been considered in various tests. Two Japanese scientists, Masaaki Kurosu and Kaori Kashimura analyzed the impact of various ATM control designs on client experience. The usefulness was indistinguishable in every format, the main contrast was inside the game plan of b

 

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