o assess stress response symptoms to determine possible posttraumatic stress disorders [PTSD]. The PTSD specific stressor questionnaire combined with exposure level assessments and social integration measurements determined the mental health outcomes. The articles discussed the two-step process interchangeably, however, the rest of the study was concise and logically organized. The authors discovered an association between high levels of exposure with an increase in stress levels however social integration diminished the effect (Schwarzer et al., 2014). Human beings are social creatures who thrive on social interactions; the study performed by Schwarzer et al. (2014) accentuated the positive effects social interaction has on diminishing the negative psychological impact caused by traumatic events.

Zawadzki (2015) reviewed the association between rumination and poor psychological health. The meta-analysis was conducted to understand the connection between rumination, strategies used by individuals seeking help for psychological distress in the ER, and psychological health risk indicators. The relationship between the topics were reviewed to determine possible independent relationships with psychological health. The sample consisted of 218 undergraduates from behavioral and psychology classes. Surveys were administered to determine the following ER strategies, “reappraisal, suppression, provocative coping, emotion support seeking, and rumination” (Zawadzki, p. 1146, 2015). Indicators determining health risk and health outcomes were also assessed. Rumination was the only factor found to have independent impacts on health outcomes and indicators of health risk. Reappraisal was found to have a positive connection to self-esteem, positivity, and anxiety, while suppression had a negative interconnection. While proactive coping and emotional support were found to have no independent attachments to health risks and outcomes. (Zawadzki, 2015). The article contained confusing charts and graphs to explain the results, however, the articles itself was logically organized and clearly presented. Of the five strategies reviewed, rumination appeared to have the most insidious impact on psychological health. Fixating on stressful thoughts have a detrimental effect by extending the stress response which engenders negative states of emotion. The prolonged state of negative emotions can impact the overall health and wellness of the individual, therefore, rumination on stressful events should be discouraged. Stress reductions strategies are im