Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following molecules and determine the electron pair
geometry and the molecular geometry as predicted by the VSEPR.
1) F2
2) N2
3) ICL
4) CO2
5) NH3
6) CF4
7) C2H6
8) C2H4
9) C2H2
10) HCN
11) SO2
12) HNO3 (the hydrogen is bonded to one of the oxygens).
13) CH4O
For each of the following polyatomic ions, draw all resonance structures. Based on the formal
charges identify which is the best resonance structure. (if all resonance structures are equivalent
indicate so next to the structure). Indicate the bond angles as predicted by VSEPR for the best
structure .
14) OH15) CN16) ClO2
–
17) ClO3
–
18) CO3
2-
19) SO3
2-
20) SCN-
21) HCO2
–
22) NO2
+
State the hybridization of each of the central atom in each of the following.
23) ClO2
–
24) ClO3
–
25) CO3
2-
26) SO3
2-
27) SCN28) HCO2
–
29) NO2 –
30) Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive molecule, often used an antiseptic and sometimes
used for bleaching. Draw a Lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide (peroxide is a
polyatomic ion). What is the oxidation state of the oxygen in hydrogen peroxide?
Suggest a reason for its reactivity.
31) What is the hybridization of the central atom in Acetone CH3COCH3?
The oxygen and carbon sp2 have hybridized in acetone. The oxygens in carbon dioxide are sp2, but the carbon is sp hybridized. Added: For SO24, the sigma bonds require the use of two d orbitals, therefore it is spd2 hybridized, while the pi bonds require the use of two p orbitals.
What is acetylene hybridization?
Both carbons are sp-hybridized in the hybrid orbital image of acetylene. Between the carbons, these two perpendicular pairs of p orbitals produce two pi bonds, totaling a triple bond (one sigma bond plus two pi bonds).
complete power over the group the leader must gain the trust and belief of the group that they are capable of success, by ensuring the group are both satisfied and meeting performance goals. The importance of establishing a hierarchy became evident during the planning stage of the outdoor management course for the red team, the coordinators within the team assumed leadership roles but were unable to gain positional power due to the team being a peer group (Pettinger, 2007). The leaders selected had little authority and influence over the group as everyone was perceived to have the same rank, status and occupation, hence the leaders had none of French and Ravens five bases of power (Pettinger, 2007). The result was leaders with no positional power over the group, so could not direct the group with the method of leadership required for the situation. The task had significant constraints, particularly a short time frame and a large group size, for this situation Chelladurai recommends an autocratic leadership style would be most favourable (Chelladurai and Madella, 2006). The leaders attempted an autocratic leadership style, setting individual tasks for the group, however due to the poor leader member relations and lack of positional power the leadership structure quickly became a democracy. The product was an extremely unproductive workforce initially because of the time spent discussing how was best to approach the task. Because of how the leaders were perceived by the group there was little mutual trust, respect or confidence that the leaders were making the correct decisions, and as a result any management style they tried to implement would have been unsuccessful (Pettinger, 2007). Ultimately, if the leaders had analysed their position and the group they would have realised this and chosen a more democratic approach initially the group would have gained trust for the leaders, making future policy implementation easier.