HYPERTENSION disorder/disease.

Develop a PowerPoint presentation on a HYPERTENSION disorder/disease.

The presentation must provide information about the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of the disease/disorder to the cellular level. The presentation must educate advanced practice nurses on assessment and care/treatment, including genetics/genomics—specific for this disorder. Patient education for management, cultural, and spiritual considerations for care must also be addressed. The presentation must specifically address how the disease/disorder affects adults.

Sample Solution

Slide 1

Title Slide

  • Primary Hypertension
  • A Leading Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor
  • Presented by: Bard

Speaker Notes Good morning/afternoon everyone. Today, we will be discussing Primary Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We will cover the prevalence of this disorder, delve into the cellular-level pathophysiology, explore assessment and treatment strategies, and address considerations for patient education and cultural/spiritual aspects of care. By the end of this presentation, you will have a comprehensive understanding of Primary Hypertension and how to effectively manage it in adult patients.

Slide 2

Incidence and Prevalence

  • Primary Hypertension is the most common chronic medical condition in the world.
  • Affects an estimated 1 billion people globally.
  • In the United States, it affects over 116 million adults (nearly half of the adult population).
  • Prevalence increases with age.
  • Disproportionately affects African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans.

Speaker Notes Primary Hypertension is a significant global health concern. The staggering number of people affected highlights the importance of effective management strategies. As you can see from the graph, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age, and certain ethnicities are disproportionately affected. This is an important consideration when assessing patients.

Slide 3

Pathophysiology (Cellular Level)

  • The exact cause of Primary Hypertension is unknown, but several factors contribute.
  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role.
  • Dysfunction in the kidneys’ ability to regulate blood pressure.
  • Increased vascular smooth muscle tone leading to vasoconstriction.
  • Increased sodium and fluid retention.
  • Genetic predisposition may play a role.

Speaker Notes The exact cause of Primary Hypertension remains elusive, but several factors are likely at play. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a complex hormonal pathway that helps regulate blood pressure. In some cases, dysfunction within this system can contribute to hypertension. The kidneys also play a critical role in blood pressure regulation. If the kidneys are unable to properly regulate blood volume and electrolyte balance, it can lead to hypertension. Additionally, increased vascular smooth muscle tone can constrict blood vessels, raising blood pressure. Genetics may also play a role, with some individuals having a higher predisposition to developing hypertension.

Slide 4

Signs and Symptoms

  • Primary Hypertension is often asymptomatic in the early stages, earning it the nickname “silent killer”.
  • Some patients may experience:
    • Headaches (particularly in the morning)
    • Dizziness
    • Fatigue
    • Blurred vision
    • Difficulty sleeping
    • Chest pain

Speaker Notes One of the major challenges associated with Primary Hypertension is the lack of symptoms in the early stages. This is why regular blood pressure screenings are crucial for early detection and intervention. However, some patients may experience these non-specific symptoms, which should prompt a healthcare provider to investigate further.

Slide 5

Assessment

  • Comprehensive history taking, including:
    • Family history of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases
    • Lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol intake)
    • Medication use
  • Physical examination, including:
    • Blood pressure measurement (using proper technique on both arms)
    • Body mass index (BMI) calculation
    • Fundoscopic examination (to assess for hypertensive retinopathy)
  • Laboratory testing:
    • Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
    • Urinalysis
    • Lipid panel
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) may be indicated.

Speaker Notes A thorough assessment is essential

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