Sample Solution

The three main characteristics that define American policing are: firstly a decentralized structure; secondly, the use of discretion by officers ; and thirdly, a close relationship between law enforcement and the community.

Firstly, in terms of decentralization , most police departments in America are organized on a local level meaning that all decisions about policing activities and strategies are made at the individual department or precinct level(Bayley 1998). This arrangement allows each department to tailor its operations to meet specific needs within their jurisdiction while also ensuring adequate oversight from the citizens themselves .

Secondly, American policing is based upon discretionary decision-making which gives officers wide latitude when responding to incidents (ibid.). This approach allows them to consider both situational context as well as possible outcomes thus providing flexibility during critical situations. It also helps foster trust between law enforcement agencies and members of the public since it encourages consultation on any potential action before it can be taken.

Finally, there is strong emphasis placed upon fostering relationships with communities through engagement initiatives such as neighborhood watch programmes or citizen advisory committees (ibid.). This kind of partnership approach creates an environment where both sides work together towards common goals such as reducing crime or improving quality of life (Linder & Terrill 1992 ).