Identifying the substages of the Sensorimotor Stage

Into which substage would you place each of the following infants? Discuss why you chose this substage. 1. Juan accidentally pushes his stuffed toy, and it makes a noise as it is squeezed. Juan laughs and does it again, and again, and again. 2. Linnea is sitting in her highchair. She holds her right arm high above her head and drops her spoon on the floor. Her mother giggles, picks it up, and hands it to her. Linnea then holds her right arm straight out from her body and drops her spoon. After her mother retrieves it, she holds her arm straight out in front of her and drops her spoon. 3. Noelle wants to go outside to play. She is carrying her cup of water in one hand and her doll (it goes everywhere with her) in the other. She realizes that she cannot push the door open because both of her hands are full. Consequently, she places her doll under her arm and uses her free hand to open the door. 4. Lionel is watching his new little sister, Sybil, sleep. He notices that her burp cloth has fallen off the changing table and is near her face. He reaches down to remove the burp cloth and in doing so, the burp cloth gently brushes Sybil’s face. Sybil turns her head towards the burp cloth and opens her mouth. In which substage would you place Sybil? 5. Kendall and her mother play a game where they touch each other’s noses and giggle. Kendall’s mother touches her nose, and then Kendall touches her mother’s nose. One time, Kendall’s mother places a handkerchief between her face and Kendall’s face. Kendall swipes the handkerchief away with one hand and touches her mother’s face with the other. 6. Isaac and his mother are playing a game of hide-and-seek. Isaac’s mother places his toy car under a pillow and Isaac giggles as he retrieves it. One time Isaac’s mother pretends to place the toy car under the pillow but instead places it under the blanket. Isaac picks up the pillow and becomes upset when he realizes that the car isn’t there. 7. Phil is just lying on his back when he manages to grasp his foot. He smiles and lets go. His mother watches as he wiggles around until he manages to grasp his foot again.

Sample Solution

Substage Placement and Justification:

1. Juan: This scenario describes Stage 4: Coordination of Schemes (6-8 months). Juan shows intentional repetition of an action (squeezing the toy) that creates a desired outcome (sound), demonstrating cause-and-effect understanding and coordination of previously learned actions.

2. Linnea: This scenario suggests Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4-6 months). Linnea experiments with repeating an action (dropping the spoon) and observing the result (mother picking it up). This shows an interest in cause-and-effect but not yet intentional repetition for desired outcomes.

3. Noelle: This scenario aligns with Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (8-12 months). Noelle demonstrates problem-solving skills by adapting her actions (placing the doll under her arm) to achieve a goal (opening the door) due to an obstacle (full hands).

4. Lionel: Based on the limited information, it's difficult to assign a specific substage for Sybil. Her turning towards the burp cloth and opening her mouth could indicate the early development of object permanence (Stage 4 or 5) or simply a reflexive response to touch.

5. Kendall: This scenario suggests Stage 6: Early Representational Thought (12-18 months). Kendall demonstrates imitation (touching her mother's nose after seeing her do it) and object permanence (understanding the handkerchief exists even when hidden).

6. Isaac: This scenario describes the development of object permanence in Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions. Isaac initially searches for the toy car under the pillow where he saw it last (based on his past experiences), but becomes upset when he realizes object permanence and recognizes the car's new location.

7. Phil: This scenario aligns with Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (0-4 months). Phil explores his own body by grasping his foot, reflecting basic reflex actions and initial interest in cause-and-effect but not yet intentional or coordinated actions.

Remember, these placements are based on the limited information provided. Observing infants over time and in various situations provides a more comprehensive understanding of their developmental level and substage placement.

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Identifying the substages of the Sensorimotor Stage

Sample Solution

Substage Placement and Justification:

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