Implementing Training Programs/ Enhancing Health & Well-Being

 

1. What is a psychological skills training program, when should it be implemented and who will benefit from
them?
2. Discuss how a psychological skills program might be evaluated.
Chapter 18
3. With respect to achievement goal theory, what are the distinctions between (a) mastery and ego goal
orientations, and (b) mastery and ego motivational climates?

4. Briefly describe the major behavioral guidelines (i.e., coaching dos and don’ts) and mastery-oriented
philosophy of winning that is emphasized in the MAC Program.
5. Describe the procedures that can be utilized to increase coaches’ self-awareness and their compliance with
coaching guidelines.
Chapter 19
6. Define the terms sexual prejudice, heterosexism, and homophobia, and explain how sexual prejudice might
affect sport participants.
7. Define cultural competence and identify the three general areas of multicultural competencies.
Chapter 20
8. What are the three patterns someone might note as indicating more serious problems when working with an
athlete on performance enhancement, and generally indicate what a coach should do when these problems
are suspected or identified?
Chapter 21
9. Why do athletes use anabolic steroids? Discuss what effect high levels of these steroids have on the
hypothalamus and four outcomes of this.
10. Discuss one of the two intervention models for regulating drug use in sport.

 

Sample Solution

Implementing Training Programs/Enhancing Health & Well-Being

Psychological skills training [PST] refers to the systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater sport and physical activity self-satisfaction. Psychological skills training is vital in the effectiveness of sport within education, and can be brought in from ages as young as 8 years old, depending on the individual. Achievement goal theory is a psychological theory of intrinsic motivation that considers how beliefs and cognitions orient us towards achievement or success, especially in relation to two styles; task [mastery] and ego [performance]. The distinction between, mastery and ego goal orientation is that mastery goals emphasize learning and improving, whereas ego goals emphasize outperforming others. Within a mastery climate, the task to be performed is the goal for the athletes, so the focus is on exerting effort and improving personally in a specific task. High values of an ego climate would indicate that the focus is mostly on demonstrating superior performance compared to other athletes.

memorizing facts. The brain can only hold so much, causing it to make many accidents. When memorizing the focus on not primarily on understanding what you know.
In “The End of Remembering”, Foer states that “the brain is always making mistakes, forgetting, misremembering.” In order for the brain to retain knowledge, it must be exposed to the information repeatedly. For example, something may be scented with the smell of food but that does not mean you should eat it.
The brain does not keep memories forever, majority of memories are only short term because the brain tends to get side tracked. The internet is the main distraction that prevents the brain from keeping memories. Author Nicholas Carr states that it seizes our attention only to scramble it. The internet confuses all the information stored in the mind, breaking concentration and burdening the working memory.
Skimming has become another way of trying to obtain knowledge. Author Nicholas Carr states, “We’ve always skimmed newspapers more than we’ve read them, and we routinely run our eyes over books and magazines to get the gist of a piece of writing and decide whether it warrants more thorough reading.”Skimming does not allow the brain to receive all the details from a text, only the main portions. The brain needs to read an entire text to actually receive complete knowledge and encode the information into long-term memory. In conclusion, due to excessive skimming people are less likely to remember what they read.
When memorizing facts, there are too many to remember. Thus, the focus is not on trying to understand all the facts but trying to remember them all. When multiple memories come to mind at once, they immediately lock into a fierce competition with each other. Memories then fight to be remembered more than the other. “When these memories are tightly competing for our attention the brain steps in and actually modifies those memories,” says Jarrod Lewis-Peacock, a neuroscientist at UT Austin. Once the brain crowns the winner and loser the memory that wins is then strengthens and the loser is

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