Incorporate a common practical tool in helping clinicians

 

 

 

This assignment will incorporate a common practical tool in helping clinicians begin to ethically analyze a case. Organizing the data in this way will help you apply the four principles and four boxes approach.
Based on the “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” and other required topic Resources, you will complete the “Applying the Four Principles: Case Study” document that includes the following:
Part 1: Chart
This chart will formalize the four principles and four boxes approach and the four-boxes approach by organizing the data from the case study according to the relevant principles of biomedical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
Part 2: Evaluation

Mike and Joanne are the parents of James and Samuel, identical twins born 8 years ago. James is
currently suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. James was originally brought
into the hospital for complications associated with a strep throat infection. The spread of the A
streptococcus infection led to the subsequent kidney failure. James’s condition was acute enough
to warrant immediate treatment. Usually cases of acute glomerulonephritis caused by strep
infection tend to improve on their own or with an antibiotic. However, James also had elevated
blood pressure and enough fluid buildup that required temporary dialysis to relieve.
The attending physician suggested immediate dialysis. After some time of discussion with
Joanne, Mike informs the physician that they are going to forego the dialysis and place their faith
in God. Mike and Joanne had been moved by a sermon their pastor had given a week ago, and
also had witnessed a close friend regain mobility when she was prayed over at a healing service
after a serious stroke. They thought it more prudent to take James immediately to a faith healing
service instead of putting James through multiple rounds of dialysis. Yet, Mike and Joanne
agreed to return to the hospital after the faith healing services later in the week, and in hopes that
James would be healed by then.
Two days later the family returned and was forced to place James on dialysis, as his condition
had deteriorated. Mike felt perplexed and tormented by his decision to not treat James earlier.
Had he not enough faith? Was God punishing him or James? To make matters worse, James’s
kidneys had deteriorated such that his dialysis was now not a temporary matter and was in need
of a kidney transplant. Crushed and desperate, Mike and Joanne immediately offered to donate
one of their own kidneys to James, but they were not compatible donors. Over the next few
weeks, amidst daily rounds of dialysis, some of their close friends and church members also
offered to donate a kidney to James. However, none of them were tissue matches.
James’s nephrologist called to schedule a private appointment with Mike and Joanne. James was
stable, given the regular dialysis, but would require a kidney transplant within the year. Given
the desperate situation, the nephrologist informed Mike and Joanne of a donor that was an ideal
tissue match, but as of yet had not been considered—James’s brother Samuel.
Mike vacillates and struggles to decide whether he should have his other son Samuel lose a
kidney or perhaps wait for God to do a miracle this time around. Perhaps this is where the real
testing of his faith will come in? Mike reasons, “This time around it is a matter of life and death.
What could require greater faith than that?”

 

Sample Solution

Connections and clashes among businesses and workers have held a genuinely predictable heading in the period before 1877. In other words, the law for the most part decided for managers. Whether it be contracted workers or modern specialists, under the watchful eye of 1877 the law was not very laborer or association well disposed. Rather, the law upheld bosses, businesses and different supervisors.

Any investigation of the law’s effect on business and worker relations in the US ought to start with white obligated workers. In frontier America, obligated workers were people who shaped an agreement with bosses, promising to work a specific measure of years to take care of the expense of their transportation to the settlements. They additionally needed to attempt to take care of the obligations gained for essential attire, haven or lodging. This relationship can be viewed as one between a business and a representative since there was (1) an agreement that the two sides eagerly complied with and (2) the business, or expert, utilized the contractually obligated slave as a way for the worker to reimburse an obligation. This flighty representative/manager relationship was overflowed with clashes analyzing the privileges of the workers and the impediments of the experts. One such case was re Wm. Wootton and John Bradye (1640). For this situation Wm. Wootton and John Bradye, two Virginia obligated workers, took off from their lord and were recovered by the specialists. They were managed cruelly, and needed to carry out broadened punishments. Despite the fact that they were being abused by their lords, in the same way as other obligated workers at the time were, the law gave them no compassion. This is intelligent of early frontier regulation’s propensity to lean toward businesses or bosses. The South Carolina Worker Guideline (1761) supported this favorable to manager lawful situating. The Guideline put numerous limitations on the contractually obligated slave, particularly with respect to development. Contracted workers were not permitted to “travel via land or water over two miles from the spot of his, her or their home, without a not under the hand of his, her or their lord or courtesan, or supervisor communicating a consent for such workers so voyaging.” They were lawfully rebuffed with savagery and expanded time on the off chance that they were genuinely forceful with their lords. They likewise got “whipping” for wrongdoings that free men would be accused of fines. These two early instances of pioneer regulation mirror the law’s propensity to favor managers over representatives and laborers in clashes.

In the a long time somewhere in the range of 1812 and 1860, an ascent in innovation prompted changing lawful connections among representatives and bosses, principally concerning the injury and wages of laborers. The appearance of steamers, railways, and other extreme, complex innovation likewise presented new debates about property privileges, the character of enterprises, and wellbeing of laborers. By the by, during this period, any type of deliberate gathering activity for the benefit of workers was viewed as a trick. Most prosecution with respect to representatives rotated first and foremost around their ability to unionize. For instance, the Philadelphia Cordwainers Case (1806) involved cordwainers, or shoemakers, who unionized to fight efficiently manufactured footwear in Philadelphia. Their association was instantly disbanded and the individuals from the association were indicted and needed to pay fines. In Individuals v. Fisher (1835), the High Court of New York State held that the unionizing of bootmakers, for reasons unknown, was unlawful, again refering to the development of associations as an intrigue. In District v Chase, individuals from the Boston Understudies Bootmakers’ General public were pursued for scheme, as they all in all kept their administrations at whatever point a nonunion understudies was employed. The understudies were sentenced in just twenty minutes. Besides, legitimate cases concerning representatives included their assurance and the conceivable obligation bosses mama

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