The history of the United States is what happened in the past in the United States, a country in North America. Historical events in American history from pre-contact to 1877 include: Thirteen Colonies – original North American colonies that signed the Declaration of Independence from Britain in 1776; John Rolfe (1585-1622) – John Rolfe was responsible for the development of a cash crop in the Virginia colony, he cross-pollinated tobacco plants to create a mild blend highly desired in Europe; French and Indian war – begun as a colonial muscling for control of the Ohio River Valley, the French and Indian war (1754-1760) ignited the worldwide conflict between the British and French known as the Seven Years` War (1756-1763) and ended France`s North American empire. The French and Indian War provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war`s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.
resistance have become a honey-pot site (Pritchard et al., 1998) wherein monetary capital is prioritised and organised around highly-commercial and visible anchor institutions of bars and clubs (Ghaziani, 2014).
Homonormative discourse has been furthered by some critical scholars (Paur 2013; Hubbard and Wilkinson 2015; McCaskell 2018), who have commented on homonationalism (a neology of homonormative and nationalism); this can be described as a transition in how queer subjects are relating to nation-states (Paur, 2007), normalising queerness into everyday life, patriotism, marriage and through monolithic state institutions. However, homonationalism furthers racist rhetoric through problematic universalisation of western nationalistic ideology, that favours the white conforming homonormative gays (and lesbians) (Heike Schotten, 2016); thus pushing idealised images about these conforming groups into the public realm through politics and further dissemination into LGBTQ+ communities (Currah, 2013). These politics as such, have discriminated queer people racially, and through other sexual or gender identities that do not conform to LGB (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual), and have othered (Said, 1978) people within this population, due to existing prejudice (Nash, 2010; Han 2007).
Conversely this notion of homonormativity is based upon the metropolitan and urbanised lifestyle of gay and lesbian people in the global north (Phillips et al., 2000), and is an increasingly westernised queer positionality, however within academia it is often universalised to places that are not urbanised and to the people who do not buy-in to queer commodities (Brown, 2012). Furthermore, it can also be argued that homonormativity is at odds to the queer, rendering Halperin’s definition of queer as ‘at odds with the normal’ (1995) obsolete; suggesting the assimilation of queer into the (hetero)normative and mainstream culture. This reproduction of heteronormativity consequently prioritises gay white male masculinities (Nast, 2002) in the public sphere, therefore replicates certain gender binaries, racial and class issues, and patriarchal institutions.
Gay Villages and the deconstruction of safe space
The histories, and (continued) struggles of LGBTQ+ people globally are pertinent to the understanding of the contemporary needs of individuals within the community. Originally these villages were born out of a need for safe space, as these minorities were ostracised for their sexuality (Bronski, 2011), thus a place of polit
