3. For the cut up pieces of paper, we took out one. After asking Sophia where to put it herself, she did. The piece of paper was the smallest piece of them all. She placed it after the more medium sized strip. When we asked her why, she said because it was the smallest it shouldn’t be near the biggest strip, but near the smaller strips. The child is aware of size and following the rules of going from smallest to biggest. This shows that she is developing through spactial (as well as size) awareness.

4. When I asked Sophia “Which glass has more water?”, she replied with “The bigger cup, because the small is down and the big is up”. According to the Piaget theory, Sophia’s answer tells me that she is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. At her age (7), she has well-developed mental representation and use of language but have not understood the concept of constancy or conservation.

5. We asked Sophia “Do you have a brother?” which she responded yes to. We then asked for her name and she responded with her brother’s name, Max. However, when we asked her if her brother has a sister, she seemed confused and responded with no. When we asked “Why is the sky blue?” she proceeded to get even more confused, pause, and eventually say “I don’t know.” When we asked “Why does it get dark out?” she responded with “Because it’s time to sleep and the sun is gone!” When we asked “Is a tree alive?” she responded with no, and when we asked “Is a car alive?” she said no again, laughing. Sophia’s responses tell us that she understands the more basic questions, but when they become more confusing or complex, she blanks out. Since she is so young, she hasn’t been fully exposed to everything in the world yet, therefore she wouldn’t know some of the answers.

6.

(comments and analysis in section C)

7. We told Sophia the story in simple version. If she had to choose between having cake and ice cream or helping the hurt boy up, she chose “Help her up”. Along with that, between Johnny’s and Mark’s accident with their mom’s dishes in the follow-up story, Sophia said “Johnny because she tried to steal a cookie behind her mommy’s back”. This shows that the Kohlberg level of moral reasoning that Sophia has been staged on is the preconventional level, meaning that they make decisions that will likely avoid punishment. Sophia is the kind of child to think that stealing a cookie is wrong because if she causes damages, like breaking plates, then she would most likely get caught and be punished by her mother. This can correspond with her Piaget level since it seems as though her mental representation is well-developed.

8. Some things Sophia said throughout the interview were:

” “Ummm…umm…um…I don’t know.” Sophia would say this when we asked a question (like “Why is the sky blue?”) and she truly was too confused to know. She would look around, look