Inheritance Patterns and Genetic Diversity

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All living organisms contain DNA filled with genetic information. Humans are no different! In each of your body cells you have 23 pairs of chromosomes, a set inherited from each parent. This combination of genetic information leads to similarities and differences found in bloodlines and leads to genetic diversity.
There are several easily identifiable traits (listed below) with known inheritance patterns. An expressed trait (what you can see) is called a phenotype. The phenotype is determined by the genes present. The genes that make up the phenotype are called the genotype. The genotype is made up of alleles. An allele is a variation of a gene (one from mom, one from dad) and are categorized as being dominant or recessive.
A dominant trait is designated by a capital letter allele and a recessive trait is designated by a lower-case letter allele. A heterozygous genotype is one capital allele and one lower-case allele (Gg) and displays the phenotype of G because the dominant allele masks the recessive allele. A homozygous dominant genotype would be two dominant alleles (GG) and display phenotype G. A homozygous recessive genotype would be two lower-case alleles (gg) and display a phenotype of gg.
Here are some examples of common single-trait dominant and recessive phenotypes and their genotypes.
• Free earlobes, not attached to the head, is a dominant trait. Genotype is EE or Ee
o Attached earlobes is a recessive trait. Genotype is ee
• Widow’s peak hairline is a dominant trait. Genotype is WW or Ww
o Straight hairline is a recessive trait. Genotype is ww
• Chin dimple is a dominant trait. Genotype is DD or Dd
o No chin dimple is dd
• Interlocking fingers (clasp your hands as through you are ready to pray and look at your thumbs). Left thumb over right thumb is a dominant trait. Genotype is FF or Ff
o Right thumb over left is recessive. Genotype is ff
• Tongue rolling. If you can make a “U” with your tongue, it is a dominant trait. Genotype is TT or Tt
o If you can’t do it, it is a recessive trait tt
Look at yourself, or a family member, or a friend or even your favorite celebrity, and identify a phenotype from the list above. Then, discuss the following points:
• What phenotype are you observing?
• What conclusions can you make about the person’s genotype and/or their parents’ genotype?
• What predictions can you make about their offspring?

Sample Solution

helping the enterprise to survive in the actual changing of the environment. The final goal should be reached by assuming innovation (in an aware and programmed way) creating mechanisms and using the tools we describe in this study of innovation process. The final aim is the consecution of a well balanced portfolio of innovations (product/service) placed in the sequential phases of the cycle of life (introduction, maturity and declining) that going on with the natural process will change the products that disappear at the other side of the curve (died products). The procedure goes on beyond the negative side of the time axis. It considers the preceding time to the launching of the product and takes into account the products from the moment of the idea definition.

Description / structure of the methodology / alternative solutions

The team
The function of the methodology is a living process. It must be feed by minimum human structure (the size of the team will be depending on the peculiarities of the SME. The success depends upon the acceptation, for the complete firm and the top management. If it is does not exist this smallest team, motivated and motivating, the innovation will be fail.

The process
The team will be having enough decision capability in the implicated functional areas: Engineering, production, marketing, finances purchasing. The marketing activities are parallel to all the steps from the design to the market launch as we convey in the graphic Development of the Marketing Plan. In the right column of the figure are written the marketing actions to be accomplished simultaneously with the development of the new products in this process.
The cost generated by the subsequent phases of the feasibility study realized to encourage the achievement and reduce the risk increases exponentially as it goes on and the reject becomes more expensive. That is why it must be considered the acceptation of the idea from the part of the consumer by using all the disposable tools and products. The focalization on the customer wants and needs, all along

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