Integumentary System

a. Draw and label the skin.

[Diagram of the skin, labeled with the following components: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, papillary dermis, reticular dermis, subcutaneous tissue]

b. State the functions of the skin.

The skin has many important functions, including:

• Protection: The skin protects the body from the environment, including harmful UV rays, bacteria, and chemicals.
• Temperature regulation: The skin helps to regulate body temperature by sweating to cool down and shivering to warm up.
• Sensation: The skin contains sensory receptors that allow us to feel touch, pain, temperature, and pressure.
• Vitamin D production: The skin produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
• Fluid balance: The skin helps to maintain the body’s fluid balance by preventing water loss through sweat.

c. Name and describe the components of skin: Hair, Nails, Glands

• Hair: Hair is made of keratin, a tough protein. It helps to protect the scalp from the sun and wind, and it also insulates the body.
• Nails: Nails are also made of keratin. They protect the tips of the fingers and toes from injury.
• Glands: The skin contains two main types of glands: sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Sebaceous glands produce oil, which helps to keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sweat glands produce sweat, which helps to regulate body temperature.

d. Explain at least 2 major disorders of that occur within this system. Include:

i. A brief description of the disorder

ii. Signs and symptoms

iii. Prevalence (statistical occurrence, who is affected)

iv. Treatment options

• Acne is a common skin condition that causes pimples and blackheads. It is caused by a combination of factors, including excess oil production, clogged pores, and bacteria. Acne is most common in adolescents, but it can also affect adults.

• Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin. It is caused by an overproduction of skin cells. Psoriasis can affect any part of the body, but it is most common on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.

Acne

Signs and symptoms:

• Pimples
• Blackheads
• Whiteheads
• Redness
• Swelling
• Scarring

Prevalence:

Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans annually. It is most common in adolescents, but it can also affect adults.

Treatment options:

There are many different treatments available for acne, including:

• Over-the-counter medications, such as benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid
• Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, retinoids, and oral contraceptives
• Isotretinoin, a powerful medication that is used to treat severe acne

Psoriasis

Signs and symptoms:

• Red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin
• Joint pain and swelling
• Fatigue
• Nails that are pitted or discolored

Prevalence:

Psoriasis affects about 7.5 million Americans. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in adults between the ages of 15 and 50.

Treatment options:

There is no cure for psoriasis, but there are many treatments available that can help to manage the condition and reduce symptoms. Treatment options include:

• Topical medications, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and vitamin D analogues
• Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to treat the skin
• Systemic medications, such as biologics and methotrexate

Conclusion

The integumentary system is a complex system that plays many important roles in the body. It is important to take care of your skin by protecting it from the sun, washing it regularly, and using moisturizer. If you have any concerns about your skin, be sure to see a dermatologist.