Interactions of Hazardous Materials

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Oxidizers and explosives have been used as weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). For this assignment, you are the lead incident commander for Star City Fire Department, which is responding to an explosion at the Regional Federal Building in downtown Star City. In preparing to respond to this incident, you noted that it appears to be eerily similar to the 1995 terrorist incident at the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Information relevant to this case study incident is provided below.

Star City is a metropolitan city with a population of 750,000 people.
The ambient temperature today at 3 pm was 75° F, with winds blowing at 10 mph from the northwest to the southeast.
The Regional Federal Building in Star City is located in a congested downtown area with an interstate freeway passing within 200 yards southwest of the Regional Federal Building.
Approximately 1,550 people work at or visit the Regional Federal Building on any given weekday.
The explosion incident at the Regional Federal Building occurred today (Wednesday) at 3:17 pm. There are 43 fatalities and 132 injuries resulting from this incident.
The building alarm to evacuate workers and visitors from the building was sounded immediately.
The Regional Federal Building, which does not have an onsite Emergency Response Team (ERT), has a Security Department of 10 professionals who handle routine security concerns and emergencies.
The fire department’s first responders arrived on location at 3:28 pm, and you assumed your lead incident command duties.
Assuming that the explosive blasting agent used for this Star City incident is ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO), address the questions below in your case study.

Describe the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) classification (e.g., DOT hazard class, UN number, shipping description, type of blasting agent) and the properties/hazards of the hazardous materials comprising ANFO.
Explain how you, as the lead incident commander, should respond to this Star City explosion incident. Although this is not a transportation incident, determine the appropriate Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) guide number for ANFO, and discuss what ERG information will help determine how to respond to this incident.
Discuss how your emergency response actions would differ if this incident involved a dirty bomb comprised of dynamite and cesium-137 instead of ANFO. What are the acute radiation effects of a single whole-body dose of 4.2 Gy of cesium-137? List two reasons why terrorists have not yet used dirty bombs as WMDs.

 

 

Sample Solution

Exercise is Medicine (EIM) is a global health initiative directed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) that promotes the incorporation of physical activity by qualified health care professionals into treatment programmes for patients (Exercise is Medicine, 2019). It is widely acknowledged that physical exercise is crucially important for one’s optimal health and EIM aims to endorse exercise as a prevention and treatment of a plethora of medical conditions and to integrate exercise as part of general health care. I will discuss the crucial role that physical activity has to play in prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a diverse group of clinical syndromes that share the common feature of limitation of expiratory airflow (Devine, 2008).

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long term progressive respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and severe limitation of airflow in and out of the lungs. COPD is a nonspecific umbrella term that encompasses a variety of pulmonary diseases, the main three being chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma I COPD (Mannino, 2002). It is characterized by airflow limitation due to the gradual loss of effective breathing. At first no symptoms or mild symptoms are present however as the disease progresses, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, ongoing (chronic) cough often with a lot of mucous occurs. As it worsens, breathing requires much more energy and it can get harder to complete simple activities or to exercise, this may lead to fatigue, weight loss and muscle loss. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity of the disease to individual patients. Patients present with common problems like dyspnoea(laboured breathing), chronic cough and sputum production. Some less common symptoms include wheezing and chest tightness. Risk factors include smoking, air pollution, low birth weight, recurrent infections and low economic status.

Chronic Bronchitis is defined as an inflammatory change leading to muscu

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