Fire Warm/dry Yellow bile Choleric Quick to anger
Earth Cold/dry Black bile Melancholy Melancholic
Water Cold/moist Phlegm Phlegmatic Placid/Sluggish

The Four-Temperament Theory is quite popular because the world as we all know is infinitely complex and people tend to look for simple ways to understand themselves and others. Beyond that though, this theory actually has universal traits that people can attribute to themselves to various degrees. This theory makes a large attempt to objectively assign defined categories of universally applicable descriptive words that apply to colossal numbers of people. Yet, when people apply groups to themselves and others, they think they have specific information. Truly they may have a little colossal approximation that could be partly real in an extremely finished sense. This is devoted to in critique works such as the Barnum Effect, named after the circus showman P. T. Barnum.
Avicenna (980-1037) who was a Persian doctor expanded Galen’s theory by adding emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitude, self-awareness, movements and dreams to it. While Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) another great and important philosopher, in his book talked about his own understanding of temperament which he still referred to as Galen did in the same terms. The twist in his own research as opposed to Galen’s, is that, he posits that each temperament is basically independent and there can be no combination.
Between the late 19th to mid 20th century, theorists like Eric Adicks (1866-1928) a German Philosopher whose work is a reflection on Kant, asserts that people can be differentiated by their dominant world view. He also proposed four types of personalities: the Innovative [who are changers and pioneers], the Traditional [who are conservatives], the Doctrinaires [who seek what will be of value to human], and the Skepticals [who call everything into question]. William James (1842-1910) also has a similar opinion with Eric Adick’s. He, however, goes further by making a distinction between rationalists and empiricists, these set of personalities can be observed in the way they handle facts. He expatiates by stating that while rationalists are tender-minded, empiricists are tough-minded.

Another theorist, Eduard Spranger (1882-1962) saw personality as what each person values the most, which also determines the world view of each individual. He classified these values into six different types (Social, Economic, Theoretical, Aesthetic, Political and religious). These values, in relation to whichever chosen by an individual, will determine the personality that individual embraces.