ISLAMIC TRADITIONS: THE PARADISE GARDEN IN MOORISH SPAIN AND MUGHAL INDIA

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S​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ummarize in your own words the key points of the Ruggles reading ("Gardens, Landscape and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain") from Week 5 (Moorish Spain) and the readings on Japanese gardens from Goto & Naka and Treib (Japanese Gardens, Gardens of Kyoto) from Week 5 (China & Japan). Then provide a critique or personal reflection on the readings, drawing comparison/contrast between each culture’s attitudes and approaches towards shaping the landscape — what did you learn about Moorish attitudes towards "the countryside" or "nature"? About Japanese a​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ttitudes towards the same? About the organization, social or utilitarian function and religious symbolism of the Moorish garden/agricultural landscape versus the Japanese landscape garden? Did you find more similarities/continuities or differences between the Islamic/Moorish approach and the Japanese approach to landscape and garden-making? Explain, using specific details or examples from the readings. Briefly describe the evolution/progression of the Japanese garden from sites of nature worship to increasing abstraction, using examples from reading. Finally, include at least 2 questions for further discussion that each of these readings raised for you​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​.

Sample Solution

Islamic architectural gardens from Moorish Spain represent a distinct and influential style of garden design. Gardens were created not only to be aesthetically pleasing but also served as “pieces of paradise” that connected their inhabitants to their spiritual values (Ruggles, 1995). These gardens were typically surrounded by walls or hedges, featured water features such strong fountains or pools, contained tile work and colored glass mosaics, and had pathways interspersed with benches and shaded pavilions. Islamic gardens also included symbolic elements like orange trees to symbolize abundance as well as plants associated with specific virtues such as rosemary to symbolize remembrance (Goto & Naka, 2001).

Japanese gardens follow similar principles for aesthetics but differ in the way that they focus on achieving harmony between humans and nature. Japanese gardens emphasize simplicity and restraint in design; this is done using various techniques like creating asymmetry with rocks or combining different elements into one landscape feature (Treib, 2000). They often incorporate natural settings like hillsides or rivers along with man-made structures such shrines or bridges which are thought to bring together human activity within nature’s realm (Goto & Naka, 2001). Additionally Japanese gardens employ techniques that deliberately create mystery by obscuring vision around paths so that visitors can slowly explore a larger space than what initially appears before them (Treib 2000)

Both Islamic Spanish and Japanese garden styles have heavily influenced European garden designs over time; however each has unique features that make them stand out on their own. Islamic architecture emphasizes bright colors while Japan focuses more on subtlety. Moreover while both contain objects meant to evoke spiritual sentiments Islamic Gardens tend to be more ornate while Japanese Gardens strive for simplicity through careful design choices.

social media, content marketing, video, events, blogs in order to increase brand awareness”. Additionally, Mather (n.d.) considered inbound marketing as an effective method that makes it easier for target customer to find the company. According to him, there are three main methods that Cultural Connectors can apply inbound marketing to raise the awareness of its brand:

  • Social Media Networks: “Social media is all the rage right now with internet marketers and with good reason—it works”, said Mather. Social media networks are not only free but also quite simple to work with. However, marketers should keep in mind that it is easy to use social media, “but complicated to master”.
  • Blogging: can help Cultural Connectors to increase audience. The fact is that if website provides practical and helpful information, target audience will go to website often and listen to company’s suggestions for example using company’s service. According to Lisa and Alan (2009) blogging can detect vocal critics which company can convert into positive and enthusiastic supporters.
  • Web traffic: Mather considered paid search and organic search as two significant ways to obtain web traffic. Essentially, organic search results take longer to obtain but last longer while paid search results are faster but “no real long term value”.

2.3 Theories on corporate identity

Theories on corporate identity will be analyzed in order to find out what improvements and what steps Cultural Connectors can undertake in order to form one for themselves.

Russell Abratt Nicola Kleyn (2012) argues that the first stage in setting up a corporate identity is defining its mission, vision and strategic intent. As well as, creating a platform to define the core values of the company and to set up a suitable corporate culture. The second stage in forming a corporate identity is the establishment of the organizations corporate expression. The author states that “corporate expression includes decisions about the organization’s visual identity, brand promise and brand personality, and how these will be communicated across stakeholders groups.” Corporate branding exists out of two components, formation of corporate by the organizations and the formation of a brand image through demonstrating the good brand experiences with other stakeholders. According to Huang-Horowitz (2014) an identity needs to be established which can be constantly communicated internally as well as externally. The first step in communicating corporate identity is forming an identity that is understood and agreed upon with every employee in the company. It is therefore important that small companies have one single coherent message which they can communicate its identity correctly to external audiences. Huang- Horowitz (2014) holds that “the identity of the company starts with the people; it is all about the people.” A profitable reputation in small businesses can be build by accomplishing three objectives: upholding transparency, acquiring legitimacy, and achieving cre

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