The statement “It is contingencies that define values, not values that drive the contingencies” emphasizes a key principle in behavior analysis, particularly relevant when conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA). Here’s a breakdown:

Explanation:

• Contingencies:These are the environmental consequences that follow a behavior. They can be reinforcing (providing something enjoyable), punishing (taking away something desirable), or neutral (having no noticeable effect).
• Values:These are internal motivations or preferences that influence behavior. They can be things like wanting attention, seeking comfort, or avoiding pain.

According to this statement, prioritized behaviors are largely shaped by the consequences they produce, not by pre-existing internal values. In other words, what strengthens or weakens a behavior over time is what happens after it occurs, not necessarily what drives the individual at a deeper level.

Relevance to FBA:

The FBA process aims to identify the reinforcing contingencies maintaining a challenging behavior. By understanding what consequences are making the behavior “worthwhile” for the individual, even if those consequences are unintended or negative, an FBA can:

• Develop effective interventions:By altering the contingencies following the behavior, interventions can make the target behavior less desirable and promote alternative, more appropriate behaviors.
• Address the root cause:While values may still play a role, focusing on changing the environmental contingencies can be a more direct and effective way to modify behavior than trying to influence internal motivations directly.
• Promote understanding:Recognizing that behavior is often driven by consequences, rather than solely by conscious choices or values, can lead to more compassionate and effective approaches to behavior change.

Limitations:

This statement acknowledges that values ultimately influence behavior, but suggests they take a backseat to immediate consequences. However, some argue that internal factors like values, personality, and cognitive abilities can also shape responses to contingencies.

Conclusion:

While not an absolute rule, “It is contingencies that define values, not values that drive the contingencies” highlights the critical role of consequences in shaping behavior. This principle is valuable for conducting FBA as it helps target the environmental factors maintaining challenging behaviors and develop effective interventions.