Juvenile Versus Adult Court Systems

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Choose a criminal case study from your own research or use one from the crime section of The Daily ChronicleLinks to an external site. website to examine the differences between the juvenile and adult court systems. You will read and summarize a case involving an adult. Then you will consider how this case would unfold differently had a juvenile committed the crime.

Instructions
Read the case information and write a 2-3 page paper in which you:

Summarize the facts of the case.
Examine how the procedure would differ if the defendant or defendants were underage when the offense was committed.
Identify and discuss how juvenile proceedings differ from adult criminal proceedings as well as the differences in charges for the same crime.
Define the waiver process of transferring a juvenile into the adult court system.
Make and support recommendations for disposition based on the assumption that each defendant in your selected case is a minor being tried as a juvenile.
Use at least three sources to support your writing. Choose sources that are credible, relevant, and appropriate. Cite each source listed on your source page at least one time within your assignment. For help with research, writing, and citation, access the library or review library guides. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The library is your home for SWS assistance, including citations and formatting. Please refer to the Library site for all support. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

Determine the appropriate legal procedures for both the adult and juvenile court systems to make sound decisions informed by criminal justice policy.

 

Sample Solution

This paper examines the case of Michael Thomas from Shiawassee County, Michigan, reported by The Detroit News (https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/clinton-township-man-accused-of-killing-mother-of-child/), to analyze the significant differences between juvenile and adult court systems.

Case Summary:

18-year-old Michael Thomas is charged with first-degree murder, felony firearm, and carrying a concealed weapon in the shooting death of 17-year-old James Jackson.

Juvenile vs. Adult Court Procedures:

If Michael were a minor at the time of the offense, the case would unfold quite differently:

  • Confidentiality: Juvenile proceedings are typically confidential, with records sealed from public view. This protects the juvenile’s identity and allows for a focus on rehabilitation.
  • Judge vs. Jury: Juvenile cases are usually heard by a judge, not a jury. This can streamline the process and potentially allow for a more flexible approach considering the juvenile’s best interests.
  • Right to Counsel: Juveniles still have the right to legal representation, but the court might appoint an attorney if the family cannot afford one.
  • Focus on Rehabilitation: The juvenile justice system emphasizes rehabilitation and treatment programs over punishment. The goal is to address the underlying factors that led to the offense and prevent future delinquency.

Differences in Charges and Disposition:

Charges for juveniles are often less severe than those for adults. Instead of facing first-degree murder charges, Michael might be adjudicated delinquent for a crime like involuntary manslaughter in the juvenile system.

Disposition in juvenile court could involve:

  • Probation: The juvenile remains in the community under supervision, with conditions like attending school, counseling, or community service.
  • Residential placement: In serious cases, the juvenile might be placed in a secure facility for rehabilitation and treatment.
  • Restitution: The juvenile may be required to compensate the victim or their family for damages.

Waiver Process:

In some situations, a juvenile case can be transferred, or “waived,” to adult court. This typically occurs when the offense is especially serious, and the juvenile is considered a danger to the community or unlikely to benefit from rehabilitation within the juvenile system. Factors considered during the waiver process include:

  • Seriousness of the offense: Violent crimes are more likely to be waived to adult court.
  • Age of the juvenile: Older juveniles are closer to adulthood and might be seen as more accountable for their actions.
  • Prior record: A history of delinquency might indicate the juvenile is not responding effectively to treatment within the juvenile system.

Disposition for a Juvenile Michael Thomas:

Considering the seriousness of the alleged crime, a waiver to adult court might be a possibility. However, if Michael has no prior record and the judge believes in his potential for rehabilitation, several options exist within the juvenile system:

  • Residential placement: Given the severity of the charge, Michael might be placed in a secure residential facility for intensive therapy and counseling to address any underlying issues that contributed to the offense.
  • Probation with strict conditions: Probation could be an option, but with very strict supervision and conditions like mandatory counseling sessions, anger management programs, and community service.
  • Restitution: Michael should be required to make appropriate restitution to the victim’s family.

Conclusion

The case of Michael Thomas highlights the significant differences between adult and juvenile court systems. Juvenile courts prioritize rehabilitation and focus on addressing the root causes of delinquent behavior. While serious offenses might warrant a waiver to adult court, the juvenile system offers a more flexible and potentially more rehabilitative approach for young offenders.

 

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