Lifetime coffee consumption

 

 

Researchers were interested in whether lifetime coffee consumption was related to differences in pineal gland size in healthy older (60-94 years old) individuals. Using the number of years, they had been drinking coffee and the number of cups per day, Park and colleagues divided their participants into three groups based on their lifetime coffee consumption: low, moderate, and high. They also measured the volume of the pineal gland using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The data that follow are hypothetical pineal gland volume created so the conclusions and means you reach will mimic the experiment.

FYI- data table is attached to screenshot

 

Conduct analysis using α = .05 to determine if lifetime coffee consumption is related to differences in pineal gland size. Answer the following questions:

a) Perform the F test, create an ANOVA summary table,

b) Complete a Tukey HSD analysis (if appropriate), calculate the effect size index f, and the three d’s.

c) Write a conclusion about the relationship of lifetime coffee consumption and pineal gland size.

Sample Solution

Coffee consumption is linked to cerebral hypoperfusion, which may play a role in the development of white matter hyperintensities in the brain (WMH). We looked at the impact of lifetime coffee consumption on the volume of WMH (VWMH) in later age, comparing the effects of men and women because caffeine clearance may differ across the sexes. The Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia enrolled 492 community-dwelling cognitively normal elderly people (73.4 6.7 years old on average). We used a study-specific standardized interview to assess their coffee intake habits and amounts, and we calculated cerebral VWMH using automatic segmentation of brain fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence magnetic resonance images.

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