Didactic works often have morals to impart or are written to teach us something about religion, philosophy, history, or politics. An example of a didactic literature include Beowulf. The Anglo-Saxon Heroic Code was the cornerstone of life for warriors living in the time depicted in the epic poem Beowulf. The core values of the Heroic Code can be seen clearly in the poem. Beowulf as both a character and a literary work shows this code in action. Some of the most Anglo-Saxon values, as illustrated by Beowulf, include bravery, truth, honor, loyalty and duty, hospitality and perseverance. The moral of Beowulf is that it is better to die young with heroism and virtue than to grow to a ripe age being cowardly and avoiding your responsibilities. Beowulf shows great courage and fortitude as he protects the community by fighting Grendel, Grendel`s mother, and the dragon Wiglaf.
-pressure cyclic steam stimulation (HPCSS). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam-assisted_gravity_drainage)
Oil and gas in the Arctic
Among the greatest uncertainties concerning future energy supply is the volume of oil and gas remaining to be found in high northern latitudes. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), there are about 30% of the world’s undiscovered gas and 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil may be found in the Arctic Circle. The recent retreat of polar ice makes petroleum exploration and development much easier.
Petroleum is highly associated with sedimentary rocks. The map provided the basis for defining assessment units (AUs), which are mappable volumes of sedimentary rocks that share similar geological properties. The Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA) defined 69 AUs, each containing more than 3 km of sedimentary strata, the probable minimum thickness necessary to bury source rocks sufficiently to generate significant oil and gas.
(https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf)
Figure. Map showing the AUs of the CARA is colour-coded for mean estimated undiscovered gas. Only areas north of the Arctic Circle are included in the estimates. Black lines indicate AU boundaries.
Out of all 49 assessed AUs, CARA found that over 70% of the oil is concentrated in just 5 of them: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins, East Barents Basins, and West Greenland-East Canada. Over 70% of the undiscovered gas is estimated to be in 3 provinces: the West Siberian Basin, the East Barents Basins and Arctic Alaska. The total mean undiscovered conventional oil and gas are estimated to be approximately 90 billion barrels of oil, 1,669 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 44 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.(https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf) This amount of resources is equivalent to 403.24 billion barrels of oil and would last for at least 13 years at current assumption rate. With such high concentration, it is easy to operate the mass production of petroleum once the technology is mature.
