Sample Solution
Major animal phyla
Animal phyla are classified according to certain criteria, including the type of coelom, symmetry, body plan, and presence of segmentation. Arthropod (phylum Arthropoda), is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, which includes such familiar forms as lobsters, crabs, spiders, mites, insects, centipedes, and millipedes. About 84% of all known species of animals are members of this phylum. Spiders, unlike insects, have only two body segments (tagmata) instead of three, a fused head and thorax (called a cephalothorax or prosoma) and an abdomen (called the opisthosoma). Except for a few species of very primitive spiders (family Liphistiidae), the abdomen is not externally segmented. In all spiders, early development creates a rind of cells that encloses a yolky interior. These outer cells then collect at one side of the spherical egg and the egg contracts at this side. The result is formation of an embryo that looks like a ball with a flattened side.
states ‘You must respect and support people’s rights to accept or decline treatment and care.’ If a patient feels the information he/she received inadequate. He/she could lodge a complaint to the NMC or take legal action. The majority of legal action are based on the allegation of negligence because of this nurses must ensure share information with people in a way which they can understand and want to know about their health (NMC, 2010).
It is a fundamental aspect of patient management to seek consent before treatment. It is not only about applying procedures. It is also about information given to the patients to make valid and inform consent (Lake and Harvey 2008). Patients can give consent to treatment through various means, example, it can either be through verbal, written or implied. On the other hand, patients have the right to refuse or withdraw consent in the same way (RCN, 2011). In most cases Implied and verbal consent will be enough evidence but written consent should be obtained in the case of risky, complex and lengthy treatment (Dimond,2009).The discussions that occur between health professionals and the patient before they consent or refusing treatment should be recorded (NMC 2010). There are the duty to seek consent before any medical intervention under National Health Service (NHS) contract of employment, the NMC Code of professional Conduct and the duty under the law (Griffith and Tengnah, 2009).
According to the (NMC 2008) Code of Conduct nurses have three over riding professional responsibilities to ensure that patients understand their options to help them make an informed consent. They should put care of patients their first concern make sure seek consent before any medical intervention or care. As process showing consent is hard nurses should determine a crystal clear level of professional accountability. They should record correctly any discussions and decisions when obtained consent (RCN, 2011). For instance after the doctor has spoken with the patient, ask them open ended questions to ascertain their understanding. (What did the doctor tell you about the procedure?) If the nurse thinks there are unanswered questions or she/he thinks the patient has misconceptions about what they were told, it is the nurse responsibility to alert the doctor prior to them signing.
A competent patient should not treat without consent. It is clearly because protecting their autonomy and their bodily integrity. The law in the UK states all competent adults have the right to refuse medical intervention and care, even though they have nonsense and unacceptable reason for it and health professional must respect their decision (Jackson, 2010). If a patient admitted to hospital as conscious and the capacity to make the decision is lost the health professional only act the best interest to the patient (Brown, et al 2009).
