Making ethical decisions.

1.Discuss the model, as outlined by Kretchmar, for making ethical decisions. What are the 4 dimensions of this model and use an example to illustrate how you would make a decision based on each quadrant. (300 words)

2. Write about what you have learned (100 words)

3. Respond to two co-learners answers (2 paragraph)
Answer from co-learners 1. (Give positive response)
Ava Glesby posted Feb 12, 2019 7:26 PM
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Kretchmar�s 2×2 model for making ethical decision is made up of 4 dimensions. Along the Y-axis, the top square is ethics of means, and the bottom square is ethics of ends. Along the X-axis, the first square is rule ethics, and the second square is situation ethics. The four dimensions of this model make up four quadrants: (1) an ethic of means with rules, (2) an ethic of means situation by situation, (3) an ethic of ends with rules, and (4) an ethics of ends situation by situation.
The following examples are used to illustrate how to make a decision based on each quadrant:
The ethic of means with rules:
It appears that with the ethic of means with rules quadrant, you would make a decision based on fairness and good-judgment. There are unwritten rules, based on morality and equality, that should be followed in order to make the most just decision.
For example, it would be very easy to let my sister take the blame for spilling spaghetti sauce on our cloth chairs, however since she did not do it, it would be in my best judgement to admit to spilling the spaghetti sauce.
An ethic of means situation by situation
In this quadrant, you would make a decision based on the facts and circumstances of the situation.
Using the same example, I might let me sister take the blame for spilling the spaghetti sauce on the cloth chair because 10 minutes prior she borrowed my favorite shirt without asking. I would need to look at the facts, �she borrowed my shirt without asking, but she might have pay to get the stain out�, in order to make a decision based on the situation.
An ethic of ends with rules
This quadrant looks to maximize the balance of good and evil for everyone concerned in the situation. The end result is impacted.
Using the same example, if I let my sister take the blame for spilling the spaghetti sauce, she might resent me and might let the same situation happen to me. However, if I step in and admit to accidently spilling the sauce then it could lead to positive outcomes in our relationship.
An ethics of ends situation by situation
In this quadrant, it looks at the facts and identifies what actions might bring the greatest good to the situation.
For example, in the end, since my sister did not spill the spaghetti sauce it would be the best decision to admit my actions and relieve my sister from the situation.
Respond:

Answer from co-learners 2. (Give positive response)
Joel Allen posted Feb 13, 2019 2:48 PM
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The 2×2 model for making ethical decision is made up of 4 dimensions. Along the Y-axis of the model, the top square is ethics of means, and below is the square that contains ethics of ends. Along the X-axis, the first square is rule ethics, and below is the square that contains situation ethics. These four dimensions make up the following four quadrants: an ethic of means with rules, an ethic of means situation by situation, an ethic of ends with rules, and an ethics of ends situation by situation.
The following examples are used to illustrate how to make a decision based on each quadrant:
The ethic of means with rules:
In the ethic of means with rules quadrant, a decision based on fairness and good-judgment would be made. These are unwritten rules, based on morality and equality, and they should be followed accordingly. For example, even though it would easy to blame my friend for breaking a plate in the house, because I know that I actually broke the plate, I should take responsibility for it.
An ethic of means situation by situation
This quadrant contains making decisions based on facts and circumstances of the situation. Using the same example, as a hockey coach, I am required to pick a team of the best players. I would have to look at on-ice skill, coachability of the player, and character of the player when picking. Should a player show up to a tryout late, I would also have to take that into consideration.
An ethic of ends with rules
This quadrant is concerned with maximizing the balance of good and evil for everyone involved in the situation. For example, if I place the blame on my friend for breaking the plate, he could end up getting upset with me. If I choose to own up to the incident, he could respect me more and we could have a better relationship in the end.
An ethics of ends situation by situation
This quadrant is concerned with looking at the facts and identifying what actions might bring the greatest good. For example, it would be in everyones best interest if I were to just own up to breaking the plate in the first place and save everyone a lot of headaches and anger.

Respond:

Sample Solution

Presentation

The expressions of the First Amendment of United States Constitution secure people against separation. Free discourse and free exercise of religion are incorporated into this significant First Amendment and are apparently a standout amongst the most significant things that America was based on. Sadly in the present society, religious just as racial segregation is surrounding us. Most outstandingly we have seen this lately as President Donald Trump has put different travel bans on individuals entering the nation from explicit global nations. Many feel that this one done as an approach to smother the opportunity of individuals of a particular race and religion.

Sex segregation is a social liberties infringement that can be found in the structures, for example, inappropriate behavior and pregnancy separation. Racial segregation is characterized as the unequal treatment of an individual base on their race, or the race that they are seen to be. There are numerous laws set up to secure against different sorts of separation. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was made to guarantee that individuals would be dealt with reasonably. In any case, there were numerous racially energized occasions in American history that has made a space for prejudice to flourish. Servitude made an expansive lift in the American economy and accordingly has assumed an equivalent job in American culture to date.

Individuals from all around the globe seek to live in The United States. Due to its elevated expectation of living, there are individuals from all over trying to get opportunity and uniformity. In numerous different provinces, for example, Syria or Iran, religion assumes an extensive job in people groups everyday. Religion intensely directed the general public as ladies are not treated similarly as men and opportunity isn’t rise to paying little respect to sex, religion or sex.

As expressed by President Trump, “the fear monger assault on New York City on September eleventh, 2001 involved numerous outside conceived people. It additionally revealed a few other fear based oppression related wrongdoings. These fear based oppressors were outside nationals who entered the United States in the wake of getting guest, understudy, or business visas, or who entered through the United States displaced person resettlement program. Breaking down conditions in specific nations because of war, conflict, catastrophe, and common distress improve the probability that psychological oppressors will utilize any methods conceivable to enter the United States. The United States must be cautious amid the visa-issuance procedure to guarantee that those endorsed for affirmation don’t expect to hurt Americans and that they have no connections to fear based oppression. (Youthful, 2017)

While it is imperative to secure America and a big motivator for it, it is additionally essential to guarantee that the privileges of the general population are being maintained. The United States is needs to secure Americans by ensuring that anybody entering the nation doesn’t have a contrary demeanor toward the nation and its kin or standards. In the event that it is known whether those endeavoring to enter the United States have musings or dispositions of viciousness, victimization race, sex or religion towards the nation or its kin, at that point it is felt that they ought not be conceded.

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On January 27, 2017, President Trump marked an official request restricting residents from Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Iran, Sudan, Yemen and Iran from entering the United States. Movement from these nations was incidentally suspended also. This represented a major issue for the American individuals as they trusted that such a boycott was an explicit demonstration of segregation and was infringing upon the First Amendment.

The President asserted that this request was an arrangement to keep Islamic psychological militants from entering The United States. Outcasts from these Muslim countries were given religious tests, while Christians and other non-Muslim religions were conceded need get to. The request would suspend passage into the United States for 120 days until it was resolved that those confined did not represent a risk to the United States.

Very quickly, dissents emitted all around the nation, forcefully protesting the request. Human rights activists mobilized to denounce President Trumps request, demanding that it was segregation in clear structure, yet masked to appear as though he was endeavoring to make the United States more secure. The vast majority of those influenced were ladies, youngsters just as men endeavoring to escape from brutality of their nation to the security of the United States. One day after the official request was marked, a judge in New York City incidentally blocked piece of the request siting that it was infringing upon the Constitution. Multi day after that another judge hindered an extra piece of the request endeavoring to reestablish the privileges of the general population.

On February fifth, 2017 the boycott was not restored by the administration. As per the law, the request is illicit. More than 50 years prior, there were laws made to avert victimization foreigners dependent on national root. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was made explicitly hence. This was done in the late nineteenth century. Laws existed barring all Asian and Japanese individuals in what was known as the Asiatic Barred Zone, just as Eastern Europeans and Africans from migration quantities which would profit Western Europeans.

It appeared just as President Trump was endeavoring to reproduce another rendition of the Asiatic banned Zone, utilizing an official request. He additionally guaranteed that he was flawlessly in his rights to separate, watching a 1952 law that demonstrates the privilege of the President to briefly deny section to people he finds don’t have the best enthusiasm of the United States on the most fundamental level.

In any case, this law was limited by Congress in 1965 obtrusively expressing that no individual could be “oppressed in the issuance of a worker visa due to the individual’s race, sex, nationality, spot of birth or spot of living arrangement.” The main exemptions are those accommodated by Congress. (Coffin, 2017)

In 1965 when this law was passed by Congress, the objective was not exclusively to ensure outsiders, however to secure American natives too. America is viewed as the place that is known for the free is a nation loaded with foreigner’s families from everywhere throughout the world. Putting any type of a restriction on migrants entering the nation keeps American natives from supporting other outside relatives or notwithstanding wedding a life partner that was not conceived in America.

President Trump is basically segregating under the semantics of issuance of visa versus passage by the person. In any case, it isn’t feasible for a worker to be conceded a visa on the off chance that they are kept from entering the nation by any means. Along these lines, all requests under the 1952 law apply similarly to section and visa issuance, as his official request recognizes. (Casket, 2017)

Essential to note, is that the separation boycott applies just to migrants. Workers are individuals who have been given residency in the United States lawfully. Different guests, for example, understudies, sightseers or laborers are transitory could even now be kept from entering. President Trump was explicitly prohibiting Muslims from entering the nation and sadly the law of 1965 does not boycott segregation dependent on religion. Lawfully, foreigners are the individuals who are given lasting United States residency.

When one alludes to morals, ordinarily that is alluded to as an ethically right guideline or standard. Right or wrong is weighed by what is viewed as moral or not. Each culture has its own arrangement of moral gauges and desires for the manner in which circumstances ought to be dealt with. Morals likewise sets a standard for individuals to be dealt with similarly paying little respect to sex, sexual orientation or race. Unscrupulous, would be considered the inverse. In an exploitative circumstance an individual doesn’t cling to all inclusive moral practices. This may incorporate separation, misuse or unlawful movement. Most social orders have obviously characterized lines attracted respect to what is moral or deceptive. These rules are set to keep up a specific way of life and reasonable treatment of individuals.

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There are a few examples when a circumstance can be addressed whether it is moral or moral, particularly in joblessness. More often than not there will fall under the three essential components of segregation in business. Race and shading segregation, religious separation or sexual separation. It is likewise important that a choice isn’t made dependent on individual legitimacy or would harmfully affect different workers.

Religious separation is characterized as treating an individual or gathering diversely on account of their religious convictions. This can happen in a few distinct settings, for example, work, society itself, or lodging. This stems from the times of religious abuse, where you could lose your life dependent on what it is that you have confidence in. This is a standout amongst the most outrageous types of religious separation, yet in any case, is a reality. Lesser types of discipline would be viewed as a mellow structure or religious separation or mistreatment.

In numerous nations and social orders, religious opportunity is a privilege of the general population dependent on the law, however many still experience separation.

In a 1979 discussion on the issue, the United States Commission on Civil Rights characterized religious separation in connection to the social equality ensured by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. While religious common freedoms, for example, the privilege to hold or not to hold a religious conviction, are fundamental for Freedom of Religion (in the United States verified by the First

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