Management assertions

 

Assume the role of lead auditor at an external auditing firm, Willis & Adams. The firm is reevaluating its client list and audit
procedures.
You will be responsible for supporting the continued engagement of a current client, EarthWear Clothiers, and planning the audit of this organization’s
financial
statements. You will evaluate and recommend improvements to internal controls, and communicate the audit opinions to the senior management of the
organization.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Client Engagement: The external auditing team has been approached by a client to do their yearly audit. You are responsible for evaluating the factors
associated with the organization and the external auditing team to determine why it would be appropriate to move forward with the client request.
A. Evaluate the corporate structure and annual report of the organization, and summarize your findings. [ACC-645-01]
B. Evaluate the following information related to the external auditing firm, and summarize your findings: [ACC-645-01]
1. Independence
2. Knowledge of client industry
3. Staffing capabilities
C. Assume your firm has decided to move forward. Referring to your evaluation of internal and external factors, explain why it would be
appropriate for the external auditing team to accept the client audit request, using examples to support your response. [ACC-645-01]
II. Planning the Audit: Select one of the organization’s business objectives and create an audit plan of the organization’s financial statements. Use the
information from your preliminary review and auditing standards to support your plan.
A. Using your selected business objective, create an audit plan of the organization’s financial statements that addresses the following, and support
each with the appropriate auditing standards:
1. Business risks [ACC-645-02]
2. Management assertions [ACC-645-02]
3. Audit risk [ACC-645-02]
4. Internal controls [ACC-645-02]
5. Effect on audit procedures [ACC-645-02]
B. Determine materiality by conducting a preliminary risk assessment, and explain which factors were used in making this determination. [ACC645-02]
III. Internal Control: Evaluate the following components within an organization for gaps in internal controls, and explain how each can be improved:
A. Control environment [ACC-645-03]
B. Risk assessment [ACC-645-03]
C. Information system [ACC-645-03]
D. Control activities [ACC-645-03]
E. Monitoring activities [ACC-645-03]
IV. Communication: Create a letter to management that identifies any gaps in internal control and provides resolution. In addition, in a separate section
of your submission, include audit opinions of both the internal controls and the financial statements of the organization.
A. Prepare a letter to management that clearly communicates internal control deficiencies or material weaknesses, and provide recommendations
to remediate concerns. [ACC-645-04]
B. Prepare an audit opinion of internal controls, and explain the impact it has on the audit of financial statements. [ACC-645-04]
C. Prepare an audit opinion of financial statements, and explain why the opinion is appropriate based on findings in the audit. [ACC-645-04]

Sample Solution

the dopamine-creating neurons from substantia nigra which in ordinary circumstances supply dopamine to the corpus striatum, a district in the cerebrum that controls oblivious muscle development. It is viewed as that for each 10 years of life we lose somewhere in the range of 9 and 13% of dopamine delivering neurons.

2. Portray the side effects of Parkinon’s infection.

– Quake of the hands, arms, legs and face; happens in 70% of the patients

– Bradykinesia (gradualness of development)

– Unbending nature or firmness of the appendages and trunk (obstruction of the aloof development of the appendages)

– Postural flimsiness (weakened equilibrium and coordination)

– Emotional smoothing (the patients have almost no look and squinting of the eyes)

3. Know the significant gatherings of medications utilized in the treatment of Parkinson’s sickness. Have the option to give an illustration of each. Relate the utilization of the medication to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s illness.

– Drug treatment is centered around reestablishing practical harmony among dopamine and acetylcholine inside the corpus striatum.

– These medications are ordered into dopaminergic and cholinergic blockers

– Dopaminergic drugs are utilized to increment dopamine levels. Medication of decision is levodopa joined with carbidopa and advertised under the name Sinemet or Parcopa.

– Different methodologies are utilized to hinder chemicals that typically annihilate levodopa and dopamine (Tolcapone, entacapone, rasagiline and selegiline). Drugs called dopamine agpnists, like Apomorphine, bromocriptine (Parlodel), pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip) straightforwardly enact the dopamine receptors.

– Cholinergic blockers or Anticholinergic medications repress the impact of this synapse in corpus striatum by hindering the receptors. Benztropine (Cogentin), diphenhydramine (Bemnadryl) or biperiden (Akineton) are illustration of anticholinergic medications utilized for Parkinsonism.

4. The blend of levadopa and carbidopa is a medication called Sinemet. Depict the elements of these two medications in Sinemet. What is the upside of having carbidopa given with levadopa instead of giving levadopa alone?

– Levodopa, a forerunner of dopamine crosses the blood-cerebrum hindrance rather than dopamine. In the mind this substance is changed into dopamine. Then, at that point, it is in this way delivered by the synapses considering further developed capability of the development control focuses of the mind.

– Since levodopa can be separated by the blood chemicals called amino-corrosive decarboxylases before it can arrive at the mind, it is constantly joined with a catalyst inhibitor called carbidopa. Together, this blend is realized under the trademark Sinemet.

– Carbidopa alone can build the centralization of dopamine and levodopa in the mind.

5. Patients who are taking levadopa alone should be told to keep away from a certa

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