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Case Study: A 16-year-old arrived at a local family planning clinic with pregnancy concerns due to unprotected intercourse. This encounter occurred two nights prior, and she believes she may be fertile but wants information regarding the “morning-after pill”.

What additional information should the nurse obtain during the assessment?
What educational information should the nurse provide to the patient regarding emergency contraception treatment and the side effects?

Sample Solution

Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or if your regular birth control method fails. It is also known as the “morning-after pill” or “Plan B.” EC can be used up to 5 days after unprotected sex, but the sooner you take it, the more effective it will be.

There are two main types of EC: hormonal and copper. Hormonal EC pills contain a high dose of the same hormones found in regular birth control pills. Copper EC, also known as an intrauterine device (IUD), is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus.

Hormonal EC

Hormonal EC works by delaying or preventing ovulation. It can also thicken the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Hormonal EC is most effective if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. However, it can still be effective if taken up to 5 days afterwards.

The most common side effects of hormonal EC are nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, breast tenderness, and spotting or bleeding. These side effects are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days. If you vomit within 2 hours of taking hormonal EC, you should take another dose.

Copper IUD

The copper IUD is a long-term form of contraception that can also be used as EC. It works by preventing sperm from fertilizing an egg. The copper IUD can be inserted any time within 5 days of unprotected sex and can be left in place for up to 10 years.

The most common side effects of the copper IUD are spotting or bleeding, cramps, and back pain. These side effects usually improve after a few months. The copper IUD can also cause a heavier period and more painful cramps.

Which type of EC is right for you?

The best type of EC for you depends on your individual needs and preferences. If you are looking for a quick and easy option, hormonal EC is a good choice. However, if you are concerned about the side effects of hormonal EC or if you want a long-term form of contraception, the copper IUD is a good option.

How to get EC

EC is available over-the-counter at most pharmacies and drugstores. You can also get EC from a doctor or other healthcare provider.

When to see a doctor

You should see a doctor if you have any of the following symptoms after taking EC:

  • Severe nausea or vomiting
  • Heavy bleeding or spotting
  • Cramps that are severe or do not go away
  • Fever
  • Pelvic pain
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting

Educational information for patients

When providing education to patients about EC, it is important to cover the following topics:

  • What is EC and how does it work?
  • What are the different types of EC?
  • How effective is EC?
  • What are the side effects of EC?
  • How to get EC
  • When to see a doctor

In addition to this general information, you may also want to provide patients with more specific information about the type of EC they are using. For example, if a patient is choosing to use hormonal EC, you should provide them with information about the following:

  • How and when to take the pill
  • What to do if they vomit after taking the pill
  • What to expect in terms of side effects

If a patient is choosing to use the copper IUD, you should provide them with information about the following:

  • How and when the IUD is inserted
  • What to expect in terms of side effects
  • How to care for the IUD
  • When to have the IUD removed

It is also important to remind patients that EC is not a regular form of contraception. It should only be used as a backup method if their regular birth control method fails or if they have unprotected sex.

Here are some additional educational tips for nurses:

  • Use clear and concise language when explaining EC to patients.
  • Be prepared to answer any questions that patients may have about EC.
  • Encourage patients to ask questions and to share their concerns.
  • Be respectful of patients’ decisions and values.
  • Provide patients with access to resources where they can learn more about EC and other contraceptive options.

Conclusion

Emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or if your regular birth control method fails. It is important to provide patients with education about EC so that they can make informed decisions about their reproductive

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