Measurement and Data Collection Plan

 

1. What is/are the cause(s) of hunger and food insecurity among minority groups and the barriers that prevent food security among the populations in the country? (Goal: To ascertain the root cause of the persistent challenge affecting the race/ethnic minority groups). 2. What are the individual, community, and economic implications resulting from food insecurity? (Goal: To help understand the significant impact of fo​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​od insecurity across various aspects). 3. What strategies can policymakers, stakeholders, organizations, and the state and national governments create and implement to intervene in the hunger and food insecurity crisis? (Goal: To intervene by removing barriers that lead to food insecurities and prevent adverse hea

Sample Solution

Hunger and food insecurity are persistent challenges that disproportionately affect minority groups in the United States. Race/ethnic minorities, such as African Americans, Latinos and Native Americans are more likely to experience higher rates of poverty, which can limit access to healthy foods and make it difficult for individuals to afford meals (Gundersen et al., 2018). Other factors like residential segregation can also contribute to these disparities by creating “food deserts” – areas without access to grocery stores or other outlets for obtaining nutritious food (Williams et al., 2019). Additionally, research has found that systemic racism plays a role in contributing to hunger among minority populations; this includes policies with discriminatory intent such as redlining which prevent people from accessing affordable housing or financial services (Mesidor & Parker, 2019).

Furthermore, certain barriers can impede efforts towards achieving food security within different communities. These include limited availability of culturally-appropriate foods that meet dietary needs along with inadequate transportation options preventing individuals from accessing existing retail outlets (Parker et al., 2017). Moreover, stigma surrounding poverty makes it difficult for low income households who require assistance in putting meals on the table due to their economic circumstances; negative attitudes towards those relying on public safety net programs create an atmosphere where people feel ashamed or embarrassed about seeking help even though they need it most (DeLisle & Brownson 2018). Lastly, the coronavirus pandemic has further exacerbated pre-existing structural deficiencies by compounding problems associated with access to nutrition and healthy foods while simultaneously increasing unemployment levels nationwide (Glynn et al., 2020).

In conclusion, hunger and food insecurity among race/ethnic minorities is a complex issue caused by several interrelated factors ranging from systemic racism and segregation through limited resources available within disadvantaged communities all the way up to pervasive cultural misconceptions about poverty. In order for lasting change to occur on a broader level interventions must be implemented at multiple points along the continuum of social determinants affecting health outcomes so everyone has equal opportunity when it comes time for them to sit down at their dinner tables.

‘Gorge/inebriation’ alludes to the steady admission of medication after beginning portion which might cause decline in dopamine discharge after every admission because of sharpening. This will then prompt ‘withdrawal/pessimistic influence’ stage where nonattendance of medication will cause a reduction in dopamine causing restless and fretful sentiments bringing about the desire or ‘distraction/expectation’ stage. Two central point known to regulate these conduct changes are support where an improvement expands the opportunity of reaction and neuroadaptation, the cycle by which neuronal designs change in light of medication openness. Tweak of these elements inspires starting reaction to a medication and development of long haul hankering notwithstanding, backslide is believed to be brought about by long-lasting neuroadaptations that will cause inconvenience during withdrawal (Robert and Koob, 1997).

Right up ’til now, medicines for enslavement hasn’t been especially fruitful and one of the most well-known issue is backslide. As expressed already, this is believed to be brought about by neuroadaptations accordingly featuring the significance of grasping the hidden systems for fruitful medicines. In this survey article, we give current forward leaps on the components prompting neuroadaptations in core accumbens (NAc), a vital locale in compulsion studies.

Drug-Actuated Primary Pliancy in the Core Accumbens and its Feedback Districts
Drugs has been known to instigate primary pliancy of dendrites starting around 1997 (Robinson and Kolb, 2004; Russo et al., 2009; Dietz et al., 2009; Russo et al. 2010). From that point forward, explores on different medications of misuse have displayed to prompt an underlying change in the mind’s prize hardware, for example, narcotics diminishing number of NAc medium barbed neurons (MSN) as opposed to energizers which builds NAc MSN numbers. Early withdrawal after openness to constant cocaine incites articulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors at MSN surface causing quiet neural connection arrangement and long haul sadness (LTD). Drawn out withdrawal will make withdrawal of the NMDA receptors be replaces by α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) glutamate receptors changing design of the spine to become mushroom formed and advancing long haul potentiation (LTP). This change anyway can be switched effectively by a test portion of cocaine (Figure 2) (Russo et al.,2010).

Figure 2. Cocaine-instigated synaptic and primary pliancy (Russo et al., 2010)

At a sub-atomic level, this is brought about by guideline of actin cytoskeleton through platform proteins as well as GTPases and they are enacted by record factor ΔFosB and cyclic AMP reaction component restricting protein (CREB) which initiates spinogenesis (Heiman et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2009). Then again, ΔFosB likewise manages cyclin subordinate kinase 5 (Cdk5) (Kumar et al., 2005) as well as atomic component κB (NFκB) (Russo et al., 2009) where the two particles assume a part in cocaine-prompted spine development showing the significant job of ΔFosB in cocaine-actuated underlying changes. The main oddity here is that the two sedatives and cocaine initiate comparative conduct aggregates (Russo et al., 2010) as well as medication organization and withdrawal side effects despite the fact that they significantly affect the NAc MSNs. A couple of conceivable theorizes remember changes for synaptic versatility having a bidirectional property where a shift in the two bearings bring about comparative social aggregates, decline in neuronal intricacy in one mind region is repaid by a reinforcing of one more region or one more pathway is prompted by sedatives which stifles spinogenesis (Lüsche

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