influenced by culture as a macro system. Accordingly, it is clear that extensive knowledge about diverse cultures can be useful for understanding the client’s behaviors, reactions, and decisions in social work context. For example, the use of te reo Maori, karakia and whakapapa when working with Maori family can be formed by showing appreciation and respect for their backgrounds that can contribute to deeper engagement and rapport (Mooney, 2012, p.51). Not only rapport is essential when working with Maori, but practical use of youth culture also can be beneficial implements for youth to enhance engagement.
Another, effective communication skills are core to good work with children and families. It is clear that the quality of relationship between practitioners and clients is a key determinant of successful outcomes in all social work areas. Accordingly, to establish close rapport with clients requires specific way of communication depending on individual’s circumstances. In particular, young children’s perspectives should be considered in their processes in social work context. According to The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC), ratified by New Zealand in 1993, provides us with a clear imperative to listen to children. Article 12 says children have ‘the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child’ (UNICEF, 1989, Article 12). Winter (2010, p.186) found that young children are capable of express their opinions in their research. Therefore, working with children requires flexible methods of communication, excellent listening skills and imaginative ways of involving children in the process. Using specific ways of communication such as using a spider gram chart, drawing and role play can be effective way of drawing out their views (social work now, 2012, 36-37). Most importantly, Social workers need to demonstrate the same high levels of empathy for an individual’s circumstances, respect for their wishes and desires and authenticity in responding to them.