Naturalistic observations

 

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following non-experimental designs:

naturalistic observations
phenomenological studies
case studies
archival studies
If you were asked to use one of these designs in a study next week, which non-experimental design would you select and why?

 

Sample Solution

Naturalistic observations

Naturalistic observation is a method that involves observing subjects in their natural environment. The goal is to look at behavior in a natural setting without intervention. This can be applied to tutorial or web-based evaluation if subjects are given a task and asked to go through the process without intervention from the researcher, in order to observe the “natural” way a subject would proceed. There are two main strengths of this method. The first is that it taps directly into the behavior of interest and does not rely on having to interpret proxies of behaviors such as self-reports. Second, because the behaviors observed occur in natural settings, naturalistic observation has strong construct and face validity. The main disadvantage is generalizability. The value of naturalistic observation techniques to any area of traffic of psychology is dependent on how well the study is designed and executed.

John 2011). But in the western workplace, relationship and work is kept aside, targets are communicated to the employees. Employers expect that employees should share their problems with them and also come to the employers for further improvements in the business. Communication should be open from both sides. Due to large number of industries in Indonesia, cases of accidents at the workplace also has increased due to the wrong level of the machines, now Indonesian firms and Governments are arranging the machines according to the male and female posture levels. They are doing so for the well-being, health and comfort of the employees (Sutalaksana & Widyanti 2016). Indonesia has ranked fourth in the consumption of the cigarettes and as it has bad effects on the health of the people, So the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has taken initiatives for the safeguard of the people by banning this in the workplace and public places and in transportation. This is done by passing various laws.(Byron et al. 2013)
Social Stratification: In nineteen centuries, people was divided into various status system on the basis of races in Java. But in twentieth century, due to the economic changes and upgrading of western education the status pattern largely altered. Now discarding racial distinctions, education created the new status system like class of intellectual and non-intellectuals. These new classes challenged the European superior descents and also threatened the nobility status of Indonesian group. People are also stratified on the basis of religion like Islam, Arab Saudi and Kafir (White man). In previous years the people born in the Indonesia tried to hide their nationality but now have higher rank than Indonesian European and Indonesian Chinese. In present, people of European and Dutch nationality are not able to get good jobs and compete in Indonesia because of loss of status but some totok European and Americans are able to get good job if they not come in the category of labour market. Whether Peasants come in the large majority of Indonesia but actually merchant, intellectual and non-intellectuals come in the higher status system in the Indonesia (Wertheim 1955). JBR (Jakarta Bandung region) has largest urban population that is about 26.5% of the total population and has new infrastructure due to largest inve

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