Nephrolithiasis

Case Study 2
Jerimiah  comes into the clinic with back pain. He states he woke up two days ago with this pain. It comes and goes and sometimes it becomes very painful describing it as an 7-8 out of 10. He has noticed blood in his urine and denies fever. On exam he appears uncomfortable and restless. He reports a history of kidney stones in the past. You suspect he has another kidney stone.
2. Discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis).

 

 

Sample Solution

Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones. Kidney stones can affect any part of your urinary tract — from your kidneys to your bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together. Supersaturated urine, acidic urine pH and reductions in kidney stone inhibitors in the urine are the main recognized causes that contribute to the formation of all these stone- types. Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic pathology that may lead to end-stage renal disease.

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