1. After listening to the short audio clip from NPR News (or reading the transcript), watching this week’s videos – particularly the one on the danger of mixing up causality and correlation – and completing the readings, discuss why correlation does not equal causation.
2. Describe at least one example (besides those in the readings and videos) of a situation where mixing up these two concepts could negatively impact an individual or group of individuals. Feel free to search the web for other instances where these two concepts were mixed up.
Why Correlation Does Not Equal Causation
After reviewing the NPR audio clip (or transcript), videos, and readings, it’s clear that correlation and causation are distinct concepts. Correlation simply means that two variables tend to occur together. Causation, however, implies that one variable directly causes a change in the other.
Here’s why correlation doesn’t equal causation:
Let’s consider the impact of media reports on video game violence. Some studies might show a correlation between violent video games and aggressive behavior in young people. However, these studies might not account for other factors like a pre-existing predisposition towards violence or violent environments in a child’s home life.
Negative Impact:
Assuming video games directly cause violence could lead to:
By understanding that correlation doesn’t equal causation, we can avoid making assumptions that lead to potentially harmful consequences.