Bennelong’s importance in Australian history is immeasurable, extending beyond his capacity as an interpreter and mediator, linking modern Australia with the Aboriginal world that existed before 1788. He serves as a reminder of Sydney’s Aboriginal past. Bennelong himself had seen the best and worst of what Europe had to offer, and chose his own civilisation. When the Frenchman Pierre Bernard Milius invited Bennelong to France in 1802, Bennelong replied that ‘there was no better country than his own and that he did not wish to leave it’.

Religion and spirituality were extremely important to almost all 18th century societies, and those of the South Pacific were no exception. The Polynesians had many gods, with many different names and attributes, to whom the practise of making human sacrifices was not uncommon. Religion was similar across most of Polynesia, and centred around the sacred site of Marae Taputapuatea on Raiatea. Everything changed with the arrival of the arrival of Europeans, who brought with them Christianity. From a Western perspective, the adoption of Christianity in the Pacific can be seen as positive, as it encouraged peace amongst warring villages.

When missionaries began to make the journey to the South Pacific in the late 18th century, their sole aim was ‘civilising’ the indigenous population, and set out to change almost every aspect of their lives. People’s clothing became more conservative, the ancient art of body tattooing fell out of use and great religious artworks (for Pacific religions had mostly been based around icons) were dismissed as idols, and burnt. Marae Taputapuatea, which had been a site for worship for millennia, was allowed to fall into disrepair as the focus of South Pacific religion turned its attention towards Rome and the West. As one Maori man put it, “When the Westerners arrived, the Polynesians learnt to build houses from lime and limewash and build churches for worshipping God. We started praying inside the Church. We let go of the gods, the marae, the ways of our ancestors, all of it” (2). Missionaries had particularly struggled on New Zealand, failing to ‘save’ a single soul in their first fifteen years there.