Oncogenic Viruses

 

1- Benign Tumors vs Benign Tumors. Compare both of it.

2- What is a mutation causing cancer? Types of mutations.

3- Paracrine and Autocrine signals, concepts of each.

4- What is Cell adaptation and why it is so important?

5- Concepts of Adaptation mechanism such as: Hypertrophy, Atrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia.

6- Are cancer cells immortals? Why? What is an Oncogene and post an example.

7- What are two example of Viral Infections which may produce Cancer changes in cells.

8- Do We have vaccines against Oncogenic Viruses? Post Examples (minimum 2)

 

 

Sample Solution

Cancers are caused by a change in, or damage to, one or more genes. Most changes in a gene are because of a gene mutation. There are three main types of cancer genes that control cell growth and can cause cancer to develop: (1) Oncogenes are mutated genes that cause cells to grow out of control and can lead to cancer. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that control cell growth but if they become mutated they can turn into oncogenes. (2) Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow cell growth and division, repair mistakes in DNA and tell cells when to die. But when these genes are mutated, they are turned off. This causes cells to grow out of control which can lead to cancer.

development term by kind of task. Before the changes were sought after, there was wide fluctuation in unit costs and there was no standard development span. The DPWH additionally tapped outsiders as accomplices. It licensed 52 common society association accomplices as accomplices in the various phases of the task life cycle. It is likewise rethought a few venture examination and quality confirmation administrations. The office likewise set up an electronic interchanges framework for getting, answering to, and making a move on any objection, question, or idea. It likewise led specific and purposive evaluating by focusing on the most weak regions and giving approvals to authorities with significant slips. As an issue of strategy, it likewise energized whistleblowing and inward detailing of terrible way of behaving. It is likewise presently running an Organizational Culture Change Project, which incorporates relational and individual abilities advancement connected with center public help values like trustworthiness, greatness, incredible skill and collaboration.

2. More prominent speculation on arranging and other preliminary exercises before the real acquisition

There ought to be intentional planning for refreshing of task improvement studies and obtainment plans. The growth strategies and projects should be imparted early. Guarantee likewise that master obtainment units are gained in every organization. Tried great practices from executing offices should likewise be upscaled. There ought to likewise be a supported and dynamic limit working for executing organizations, LGUs, commonplace project workers, and nearby screen CSOs.

3. Development direction in open acquisition

This is essential for vital acquirement or reactant obtainment. The procedures are to come from the interest side, which frequently has advancement direction. Models are:

at the point when huge scope utilization of an advancement is required, accomplishing minimum amount of procurement through packaging
at the point when government needs to meet a standardizing strategy objective like supportability or energy
productivity, request driving edge items and administrations
meeting regularizing strategy objective: this is outlined by the DOST’s Project NOAH and portable application: Arko (climate checking application)
4. An incentive for-cash acquirement

An exhaustive thought of significant worth for cash starts by authorities plainly understanding and communicating the objectives and reason for the obtainment. At the point when a business necessity emerges, authorities ought to look at whether as an obtainment will convey the best incentive for cash. In this methodology, we want to think about the r

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