According to Operant Conditioning, under what conditions is a response to a behavior considered a
“reward”? Under what conditions is a response to a behavior considered “punishment”? Come up with an
example of operant conditioning between a parent and a child (include both behavior of child, response by
parent, and reaction by child), then explain whether your example is one of positive reward, negative
reward, positive punishment or negative punishment.
First utilized in the United States Declaration of Independence, the expression “… all men are made equivalent” plainly depicted the aim of our new nation to be a land based on opportunity; free of the preferences obliging individuals of different countries. The United States, considered by numerous individuals on the planet as a haven where contrasts merge and from where new thoughts spring, requires a situation that acknowledges individuals from over a whole range. Turning into that country of acknowledgment has had a rough adventure and right up ’til today, gatherings of individuals in this nation keep on battling for uniformity, regardless of whether through organized treacheries or social shameful acts, in spite of what our Constitution denies. To a certain extent, the Civil Rights development in our nation is liable for drawing America nearer to the perfect of equity for those of different races as well as for different developments including the battle for increasingly evenhanded conditions for ladies and for the rationally and physically impaired.
One of the principal urgent minutes in U.S. history in its battle for the social equality of African-Americans was the choice made in Brown versus Leading body of Education. For this situation, the court chose that “isolate however equivalent” is naturally inconsistent, therefore finishing Jim Crowe laws (Doc 5). In spite of the fact that law in America annulled the isolation of blacks and whites, a type of social isolation waits. The social liberties development may have changed laws and a few mentalities, however the foundations of racial partialities run somewhere down in our general public.
As examined in class, racial imbalance affected numerous parts of life in America including whom we ate by in eateries, sat alongside on an open transport, or with whom we shared a bathroom or even a water fountain. The lodging market, as a further model, was not exclude from bias. Allure of home areas and home estimations were affected by nearness to African-American or settler neighborhoods and schools. Lodging was significantly less expensive and appraised less alluring when situated in or close to zones populated by African-Americans or foreigner families, or regardless of whether there was a close by school that was predominately non-white (Doc 4). This disparity and efficient isolation kept gatherings of individuals separated. After the annihilation of laws that enabled these practices to happen, African-Americans still pushed towards zones that were not exactly perfect and where they have to a great extent remained. Getting away from the hold of racial partialities is about inconceivable when persistently and socially implemented for ages.
Luckily, this nation has had resilient people since our commencement who have been powerful in driving the American social equality progress ahead. Now and again, the battle has been a perilous one and it has just experienced fearless initiative that efficient changes have been made. One such figure was Fannie Lou Hamer. Fanny Lou Hamer not just battled for the privileges of African-Americans, yet she additionally battled for the privileges of ladies, explicitly, she battled for casting a ballot rights and a political nearness for African-Americans. She turned into the primary African-American to sit down as an official representative at a national-party show, and was the first lady to do as such in Quite a while. Oppressed on occasion to torment strategies and segregation, she prevailing through her quality and mental fortitude (Doc 8). Hamer typifies being an American who represents what is correct even in when it was perilous to do as such. As a good example, she has without a doubt propelled future ladies to be bold and drive forward in their battle for positive cultural changes.
As on account of racial partialities, there is no uncertainty that ladies in this nation have been the casualties of out of line and inconsistent treatment, too. Until decently as of late in American history, ladies were not in any case seen as residents of this nation. This to a great extent implied they were dealt with unjustifiably under existing laws and had nothing to do with the popularity based arrangement of government making laws that ought to have been made for the individuals and by the individuals, paying little respect to sexual orientation and race. This divergence disregarded the greater part of the nation’s occupants and the inconsistent treatment of ladies keeps on being felt right up ’til the present time. The battle for equivalent treatment of ladies has been generally impacted by the social liberties development, all things considered, uniformity for race and sex have been connected all through the entirety of history. Ladies battled for the privileges of African-Americans and the other way around. Figures like Crystal Eastman and Eleanor Roosevelt characterized the rising job of ladies, even before the hour of the social equality development. Eastman talked about ladies’ self-rule and what was important to accomplish it (Doc 1), and Roosevelt discussed the political nearness of ladies and laid out what the administration ought to accomplish for ladies to make it simpler for them to complete their regular errands (Doc 3). It is obvious to me that Eastman battled for what present day ladies today keep on concentrating on while Roosevelt, despite the fact that she discussed female political forces, proposed for ladies to proceed in a compliant job. Ladies today proceed with the battle to break the chains of a man centric culture so as to accomplish self-rule and decency under the law. Today, ladies’ tranquil fights and walks proceed, much like the mid twentieth century social liberties development, battling for such things as equivalent compensation for equivalent work and conceptive rights.
Ethnic and sexual contrasts were by all account not the only wellsprings of disparity in this nation. Another gathering of individuals that was truly treated unjustifiably was physically and rationally debilitated individuals. This gathering envelops all classes and gatherings of individuals and impacts people, the same, all things considered and ages. The state of inability, either physical or mental, has been the beneficiary of much out of line treatment. As we saw in Patricia Wright’s Lessons Learned from Enacting the Americans with Disabilities Act, several individuals with handicaps from everywhere throughout the nation met up to battle for the entry of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. These individuals battled for consideration and financial autonomy, rights a large portion of us underestimate. Indeed, even with the upgrades made by this Act, there is still more work required improved level the playing for the debilitated (Doc 12).
The battle for equity for crippled individuals was roused by the early social equality development triumphs and utilized a significant part of a similar language and strategies (Doc 12). The common right development has helped draw society nearer to the proclaimed perfect of balance by moving gatherings inconsistent treated to stand firm, including the debilitated. As found in class, the crippled individuals that walked in the roads utilized a similar talk utilized the social equality development, e.g., “Treachery anyplace is a risk to equity all over the place,” as spoken by Dr. Martin Luther King. They took an interest in exhibitions like affixing themselves to structures, orchestrated protests, and sorted out walks on Washington like the social equality activists.
From various perspectives, the social liberties development has helped draw American Society nearer to its optimal of balance for all. The United States Declaration of Independence expresses that “… all men are made equivalent,” yet we realize that isn’t actually valid in this nation. The social equality development may have helped American culture become equivalent, yet there is a lot of work yet to be finished. Ladies, African-Americans, debilitated individuals despite everything others experience the ill effects of inconsistent treatment and a shortening of their fundamental human rights. To give some examples, ladies and African-Americans are as yet paid inconsistent, contrasted with that of white men, and there is still types of isolation that plague this nation. Crippled individuals are still treated unjustifiably in the instructive setting, have inconsistent open transportation choices, and are not given equivalent work openings. With the fierce situation in America today, we will most likely observe proceeded with developments for equity. Despite the fact that it is to a great extent incomprehensible for everybody to be dealt with reasonably and similarly in this nation, given our history, the present age and ages to come will pursue the models set by the social liberties development to keep pushing our nation toward a condition of balance for all.