Phonology Morphology
What is the difference between vowels and consonants? (0.5)
What is the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds? Give one example of a voiced sound and one example of a voiceless sound. (0.5)
What is a minimal pair? Give an example of a minimal pair (Do not use examples from the reading) (0.5)
Give one example of a lexical category and one example of non-lexical category. (0.5)
Reflection questions: Answer questions 5 & 6 based on your present or future interactions with ELs. They are not right or wrong answers but questions that enable you to think and share your ideas.
5. Do you think native English-speaking children have to learn how to pronounce the verb endings correctly? Or does this come naturally to them.
6. Share any ideas/strategies/resources you would use to teach young ELs root words. (1)
Here are the answers to your questions:
- Vowels vs. Consonants (0.5 points)
- Vowels:Speech sounds produced with an open vocal tract, allowing air to flow freely. They form the nucleus of a syllable (e.g., a, e, i, o, u).
- Consonants:Speech sounds produced with a partial or complete closure in the vocal tract, obstructing the airflow. They typically combine with vowels to create syllables (e.g., b, p, t, k, m).
- Voiced vs. Voiceless Sounds (0.5 points)
- Voiced Sounds:Produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
- Example: /b/ in "bat" (You can feel your throat vibrate when you say it.)
- Voiceless Sounds:Produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
- Example: /p/ in "pat" (There's no vibration in your throat when you say this sound.)
- Minimal Pair (0.5 points)
- Ship ( /ʃɪp/ ) vs. Sip ( /sɪp/ ) - The only difference is the first sound /ʃ/ versus /s/.
- Lexical vs. Non-Lexical Category (0.5 points)
- Lexical Category: A word category like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. These words have meaning on their own.
- Example: Cat (noun)
- Non-Lexical Category: Words that don't have meaning on their own but function grammatically in a sentence. These include articles (a, the), prepositions (of, to, in), conjunctions (and, but, or), etc.
- Example: The (article)
- Reflection: Pronunciation of Verb Endings (0.5 points)
- Teaching Root Words to Young ELs (1 point)
- Visuals:Use pictures, flashcards, or graphic organizers to represent the meaning of the root word and its related words.
- Kinesthetic Activities:Involve students in physical activities that reinforce the root word meaning. For example, act out the meaning of the root "graph" (to write) when teaching words like "telegraph" or "biography."
- Games and Songs:Make learning root words fun through interactive games or catchy songs that highlight the root and its derivatives.
- Color Coding:Use color coding to categorize words with the same root. This helps students visually identify patterns and relationships.
- Real-Life Examples:Connect root words to real-life situations and objects to solidify understanding.
- Online Resources:There are many websites and apps designed to teach root words in a child-friendly way. Look for resources with audio pronunciations and interactive exercises.