1 (15 points): Pietro Maximoff – better known as Quicksilver – can reach speeds of 400 meters per second and has a mass of 84 kilograms.
A: What is his momentum when he’s traveling at that speed?

B: What is his kinetic energy when he’s traveling at that speed?

C: How much force is required if he starts at rest and it takes him half a second to reach that speed?

2 (10 points): A solid sphere and a hollow sphere roll down a one-meter ramp inclined at 45°. Both have a mass of 0.75 kilograms and a radius of 7 centimeters. The solid sphere has a moment of inertia of (2MR^2)/5 while the hollow sphere has a moment of inertia of (2MR^2)/3. Both spheres start from rest, travel the same distance, and roll simultaneously. Which one reaches the bottom of the ramp first? Explain your reasoning.

3 (15points): A sixteen-ton weight is suspended seven feet in the air. (16 tons = 14,515 kilograms and 7 feet = 2.1336 meters)

A: What is the weight’s potential energy?

B: How much work was done to raise the weight?

C: If the rope breaks, how fast will the weight be going when it hits the ground?

4 (20 points): Saturn has a mass of 5.7×〖10〗^27 kilograms and an equatorial radius of 60,268 kilometers. Its rotational period is 10 hours and 42 minutes.
A: What is Saturn’s rotational velocity?

B: What is the linear velocity of a point on the surface of Saturn?

C: Assuming Saturn is a solid, rigid sphere (I=(2MR^2)/5), what is its angular momentum?

D: What is its rotational kinetic energy?

5 (20 points): A typical regulation curling stone has a mass of 1.860 kilograms and can be no bigger than 914.4 millimeters in diameter. The player who delivers the stone is known as the skip. In a perfect throw, the stone will leave the skip’s hand at about 2 meters per second and slide 28.35 meters across the ice before coming to a complete stop.

A: Typically, the stone will rotate about two and a half times before it stops sliding. What is its angular velocity? (Assume its angular acceleration is zero).

B: How much friction acted on the stone? Is this kinetic friction or static friction?

C: What is the coefficient of friction between the stone and the ice?

D: After about 28.042 meters, the stone collides elastically with an identical stone at rest. What are their velocities immediately after the collision?

6 (20 points): The largest trebuchet ever built was called the Warwolf. It was used in the Siege of Stirling Castle in 1304 and it could supposedly hurl a 135 kilogram rock and accurately hit a target some 200 meters away. Assume the rock starts at rest and does not rotate.
A: Assuming the rock was launched at a 40° angle, how fast was it traveling when it was released?

B: How much work was done on the rock?

C: What was the rock’s maximum potential energy?

D: What was the minimum kinetic energy the rock had while it was in flight?