Sample Solution

Endocrine disorders as a cause of obesity are rare and are associated with additional symptoms. Endocrine causes of obesity include Hypothyroidism,
Cushing syndrome, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, Acquired hypothalamic obesity. The distinguishing feature of endocrine causes of obesity is that stature and height velocity are decreased, whereas a normal or increased growth rate generally excludes endocrine causes.
Acquired hypothalamic obesity is a syndrome of intractable weight gain caused by hypothalamic damage from a tumor or its treatment with radiotherapy or surgery. Such patients may have adequate growth velocity even when GH deficient but have tumor-related signs and symptoms.
Pediatric obesity is also associated with early puberty and advanced skeletal development.
5. DRUGS:
Weight gain is an adverse effect of many psychotropic medications and a leading cause of non-compliance in children taking these drugs. Psychotropic drugs that cause weight gain include certain classes of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers such as Lithium, tricyclics and mono-amine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine.
The antiepileptic drugs valproate, vigabatrin, gabapentin and carbamazepine have been shown to cause weight gain(12).
Other medications associated with weight gain are drugs that block serotonin 5-HT2, histamine H1, dopamine D2 receptors (13) and high-dose chronic glucocorticoid therapy.

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY:
Obese children are at great risk for becoming obese adults and the risk doubles when at least one parent is obese. India has been announced as the Diabetic Capital of the World by WHO because of continuous rise in population with diabetes mellitus.

1. Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM):
Most patients with this form of diabetes are obese and Insulin resistance is considered the greatest risk factor for the development of T2DM in obese children. Criteria for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes as per American Diabetes Association (14) is as follows: