Write a minimum of 400 words discussion about one of the topics listed below:
Although Christopher Columbus is said to have “discovered” the Americas, inhabitants had established societies in North, Central, and South America and their surrounding islands over 3,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. Go online and search for “Pre-colonial architecture” and then “post-colonial architecture” for any American country of your choice (North, Central, and South). Choose one example of each and compare them. Cite any source you use to inform your answer. Include photos of both examples.
The pre-colonial architecture of the Americas varied widely across the continent, but one example that stands out is the Incan city of Machu Picchu in Peru. This ancient citadel was constructed around 1450 and featured stepped terraces, carved stones walls and religious temples that reached high into the mountaintop overlooking the Urubamba Valley (MachuPicchuPeru.Info). Similarly, after colonial rule was established in South America, Spanish influenced buildings began to take shape; one example of this is Plaza San Francisco in Quito, Ecuador. Built during late Spanish colonization between 1796 and 1808, this plaza features a classic Baroque style with symmetrical gardens framed by two churches on either side (QuitoTourismBoard).
The contrast between these two examples of architecture reveals how much history has changed over time. Pre-colonial structures were built for spiritual purposes and reflect an understanding of nature whereas post-colonial buildings are rooted in empire building; their purpose more utilitarian than symbolic. The combination of both styles reveals how cultures can change yet still maintain certain elements from their pasts – an important reminder as we look to build upon our present foundations for a better future.
expansion, Frowe proposed soldiers should be recognized as soldiers, to keep away from the presence of hit and run combat which can wind up in a higher passing count, for instance, the Vietnam War. Additionally, he contended they should be important for the military, carry weapons and apply to the guidelines of jus in bello. (Frowe (2011), Page 101-3). This proposes Frowe looks for a fair, simply battle between two members keeping away from non-soldier passings, however couldn’t this prompt higher demise rate for warriors, as the two sides have generally equivalent opportunity to win since both utilize comparable strategies? By and by, seemingly Frowe will contend that warrior can legitimately kill one another, showing this is simply, which is likewise upheld by Vittola, who states: ‘it is legal to draw the sword and use it against transgressors (Begby et al (2006b), Page 309).’ what’s more, Vittola communicates the degree of military strategies utilized, however never arrives at a resolution regardless of whether it’s legal to continue these activities, as he continually tracked down a center ground, where it very well may be legal to do things like this yet never consistently (Begby et al (2006b), Page 326-31). This is upheld by Frowe, who estimates the real strategies as indicated by proportionality and military need. It relies upon the size of how much harm done to each other, to pass judgment on the activities after a conflict. For instance, one can’t just nuke the psychological oppressor bunches all through the center east, since it isn’t just corresponding, it will harm the entire populace, a potentially negative result. All the more critically, the fighters should have the right aim in the thing they will accomplish, forfeiting the expenses for their activities. For instance: if troopers have any desire to execute all detainees of war, they should do it for the right expectation and for a noble motivation, relative to the mischief done to them. This is upheld by Vittola: ‘not generally legal to execute all soldiers… we should consider… size of the injury caused by the foe.’ This is additionally upheld by Frowe approach, which is much more upright than Vittola’s view yet infers similar plans: ‘can’t be rebuffed just for battling.’ This implies one can’t just rebuff another in light of the fact that they have been a warrior. They should be treated as sympathetically as could be expected. In any case, the circumstance is heightened on the off chance that killing them can prompt harmony and security, inside the interests, everything being equal. In general, jus in bello proposes in wars, damage must be utilized against soldiers, never against the blameless. However, eventually, the point is to lay out harmony and security inside the province. As Vittola’s decision: ‘the quest for equity for which he battles and the safeguard of his country