Question 1: Addressing Mark’s Concern

Nurse’s Response:

“While your current blood pressure is within a healthy range, it’s important to remember that high blood pressure often doesn’t cause symptoms. The goal of treatment is to prevent future complications, such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which works to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure. By adding captopril to your medication regimen, your doctor is taking a proactive approach to managing your hypertension and protecting your overall health.”

Question 2: Rationale for Choosing Captopril

Rationale:

• Protects Kidneys: Captopril is particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes and kidney disease, as it can help slow the progression of kidney damage.
• Reduces Afterload: By reducing afterload, captopril can improve cardiac function and reduce the workload on the heart.
• Synergistic Effect: Captopril and metoprolol work synergistically to lower blood pressure.

Question 3: Patient Education

To minimize adverse effects of captopril and metoprolol, the nurse should provide the following education:

• Common Side Effects:
  • Captopril: Cough, dizziness, fatigue, and skin rash.
  • Metoprolol: Fatigue, dizziness, bradycardia, and shortness of breath.
• Importance of Adherence: Emphasize the importance of taking medications as prescribed, even if feeling well.
• Monitoring Blood Pressure: Encourage regular blood pressure monitoring at home and during doctor visits.
• Dietary Modifications: Advise on a low-sodium diet, limiting alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy weight.
• Exercise: Encourage regular physical activity, such as brisk walking or swimming.
• Potassium Intake: Advise against excessive potassium intake, as ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels.
• Signs of Adverse Effects: Educate Mark on the signs and symptoms of adverse effects and instruct him to contact his healthcare provider immediately if he experiences any concerning symptoms.

By providing clear and concise information, the nurse can empower Mark to manage his condition effectively and reduce the risk of complications.