Principles for Using Grids

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Part 1
At some point this week, you’ll turn from researching and coordinating to drafting. This means that you’ll be using
sources from your research and citing them. Many students commit errors when citing: sometimes they don’t quit
know the rules of a particular citation style, or sometimes they don’t know that there’s more to citation than just
quotation. Other times, students don’t know how to properly introduce and “integrate” a source with their own writ
These are the most consistent mistakes I’ve seen over many years of teaching various college writing courses.
This activity will help you to avoid those errors.
First, open up this document (you will see the document interval training in office environment FS)Preview the
document. It’s actually one of the feasibility reports from last week’s Analysis.
It’s divided into five sections and they’re all labeled, 1-5. Find sections 3 and 4.
Put this aside for a moment and review these two web pages that define precisely what quotation, paraphrasing,
summary are, and how they both differ and relate to each other.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and_summarizing/index
(Links to an external site.)
https://louisville.edu/writingcenter/for-students-1/common-writing-questions-1/what-is-the-difference-betweenquotation-paraphrase-and-summary
(Links to an external site.)
To conclude your preparation, review this web site on “integration” — how to properly introduce quotations,
paraphrases, and summaries.
https://guides.library.illinois.edu/citingsources/integratingsources
(Links to an external site.)
Now, follow the instructions below to complete the analysis.
1. Find one sentence from section 4.2 that’s worthy of quotation using the criteria in the websites above. Quote th
sentence or passage (it doesn’t have to be a complete sentence if it becomes grammatically a part of your own
sentence) after introducing it properly. Use parenthetical citation with MLA or APA style.
Write one 2-3 sentences that explain why you chose this language to quote.
2. Find one sentence or passage from section 3 to paraphrase. Once again, introduce the language that you’re
paraphrasing and use parenthetical citation with MLA or APA style.
Write 2-3 sentences explaining why you paraphrased this language instead of quoting it.
3. Summarize the entirety of section 4. As a rule of thumb, a summary is approximately 10 percent the length of t
original. Introduce the summary just as you would if you were using it in a real essay, and parenthetically cite.
Write 2-3 sentences describing the strategy you used to summarize this section.
Part 2
Given that your next report will need to be both written *and* designed, I want to take the opportunity to use the fo
this week to help you to identify resources available to you. While the textbook offers some very solid and basic
design advice, there are also great ebooks available to you as students through the OSU Library websiteLinks to
external site.. These books are not otherwise available (for free).
So, using the OSU Library (Links to an external site.), type in one of the titles below.
The Pocket Universal Principles of Design

 

Sample Solution

and locative inefficiencies, but also from bureaucratic and organizational context. In the context of education for all and health, if the Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved, the problems in the service delivery are to be identified and addressed but sustained overtime to reap the dividend. However within this story of disappointments, there are two projects launched by the present Government, one in its previous tenure 15 years back, and the other one more recently, which can be taken as islands of excellence and quoted as success stories. These two projects were the Motorway M-II between Lahore and Islamabad and the Metro Bus Project in Lahore more recently. Thus I would be justified in saying that if one embarks on a journey of finding public value in any government sector services delivery, the most likely destination where this concept can possibly be studied is within these two projects. This study therefore, aims at identifying if any public value has been created through these projects, and if yes, can this value be sustained for a longer period of time or not. Furthermore, this study would also help in finding the answer to one very basic question, that can public value (a concept conceived in modern western societies) can at all be found in developing nations like Pakistan that are already riddled with so many problems.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Public Value. Where has it come from?

At the end of the 19th century Woodrow Wilson set out what was to become the orthodox model for public administration in the 20th century, where administration was separated from politics and the job of the administrators was primarily to find the most efficient and effective way to implement policy. The Wilsonian approach, however, has failed to adapt to increasing affluence and with increasingly volatile and complex systems. Moreover the inability or unwillingness of ‘principal agents’ to give clear, detailed and durable strategies for the public manager to implement has led to the break down of the theory. Waldo however questioned the idea that public managers actually worked to this model at all stating it was nothing more than a useful myth or a ‘noble lie’.

Politicians were not inherently inclined to claim their influence

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