Scholars in every academic discipline share certain expectations and norms for publication in their scholarly journals and texts. While experts and/or professionals in some disciplines uphold a strict standard of academic writing, others allow a more flexible rhetorical style. In general, academic writers strive to influence the communities of their respective discipline by following the norms.
While communities of scholars strive to ensure quality in their disciplines, they also recognize a certain level of subjectivity in determining the quality of academic writing. Analyzing each author’s quality of evidence, awareness of the target audience, and potential for personal bias will help you determine the appropriateness of books, articles, and other documents that are read.
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For this Assignment, you evaluate a scholarly article. As you review the article, consider the ways that the different backgrounds of the authors and their readers may affect both the creation and the interpretation of the writing.
To Prepare
In Week 2, you explored ways to search for articles. For this Assignment, search the Walden Library and select a scholarly, peer-reviewed article related to public policy and administration or in your field of interest.
Consider how different audiences might interpret the selected article. Pay particular attention to the quality of evidence that the author(s) present.
The Assignment (1–2 pages)
Summarize the article you selected.
Evaluate the quality of evidence, appropriateness of the content, and writing style for the target audience, and the author’s potential bias, if any.
Explain whether the article meets professional standards for scholarly writing and why.
Explain how different audiences (e.g., domestic vs. international perspectives) could interpret the article differently and why.
rand orientation is a dynamic and identity-driven approach that focuses on value creation (Gromark and Melin, 2013; Luakkanen et al.,2016). It represents and inside-out approach for an organisation in order to execute their mission, vision and value guided brand development, setting boundaries for themselves to which the customer needs don’t affect branding decisions (Urde et al., 2013; Baumgarth et al., 2013). Gromark and Melin (2013) states that brand orientation seems to be more dynamic and holistic approach than market orientation since they join in both external and internal perspectives on value creation for an organisation. Thus, brand orientation challenges marketing orientation by becoming an unconditional response to customer needs and satisfy them (Urde, 1999). On the other hand, Luakkanen et al. (2016) asserts that brand and marketing orientation together are source of competitive advantage.
Despite the above, brand orientation is different from marketing orientation in terms of ways and extent by which firms responds to their customers (Urde,1999). Researchers have pinpointed several limitations of brand orientation, for example; Hirvonen (2013) argues that young brands fail to establish them in the market due to lack of business strategy and deep understanding of the market. Whereas Keller (2000) points out how consistency is important for a brand to be successful since the customers finds the old brands as trustworthy (Keller, 2000). Similarly, Sinkula (1994) reveals that the old companies are skilled in filtering the relevant market information and turning it into innovative activities.
Market Vs Learning orientation:
Learning is a development that potentially influences the organisation’s behaviour (Slater and Narver, 1995; Hult et al., 1999). Several researches show that those organisations that continuously learn and share knowledge leads to numerous benefits such as strategical renewal or act as a buffer between business and their environments etc. (Breman and Dalgic, 1998). Learning enables the way for firms to enter into new markets and enhance their performance and satisfy the needs of customers (Narver and Slatter, 1990). Researches suggests that there is a positive relationship between marketing orientation and learning orientation. For instance, if the employees have enhanced learning, they are more likely to gather and examine the quality of information and better understand the needs of customers and behaviour of competitors (Grinstein, 2008). Raju et al. (2011) concludes that the learning to be an evolutionary approach of gathering useful marketing information. Firms with low learning capability will be inflexible and their efforts are likely to be limited (Baker and Sinkula, 1999a; Slater and Narver, 1995).
While distinguishing the two orientations, learning oriented firms are commi